<p>The Old Lorimier Cemetery in Cape Girardeau, Missouri was established between 1806 and 1808 by Louis Lorimier. The cemetery is located at 500 North Fountain Street overlooking the Mississippi River. There are believed to be more than 6,500 graves in the cemetery, most of them unmarked. A sidewalk serves as a north – south dividing line in the cemetery. It is said that Catholics are buried on the south and Protestants are buried on the north. The east slope is believed to be the burial grounds of African-American persons. It has been recorded that as many as 1,200 soldiers from the Civil War were buried there. The grave marker for the wife Louis Lorimier says "The Noblest Matron of the Shawnee race."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Dzungarian Gate is a geographically and historically significant mountain pass between China and Central Asia. It has been described as the "one and only gateway in the mountain-wall which stretches from Manchuria to Afghanistan, over a distance of three thousand miles." Given its association with details in a story related by Herodotus, it has been linked to the location of legendary Hyperborea.</p><br>
<p>The Dzungarian Gate (; Jetisy qaqpasy Жетісу қақпасы or Jong&#39;ar qaqpasy Жоңғар қақпасы) is a straight valley which penetrates the Dzungarian Alatau mountain range along the border between Kazakhstan and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. It currently serves as a railway corridor between China and the west. Historically, it has been noted as a convenient pass suitable for riders on horseback between the western Eurasian steppe and lands further east, and for its fierce and almost constant winds.</p><br>
<p>In his Histories, Herodotus relates travelers reports of a land in the northeast where griffins guard gold and where the North Wind issues from a mountain cave. Given the parallels between Herodotus story and modern reports, scholars such as Carl Ruck, J.D.P. Bolton and Ildikó Lehtinen have speculated on a connection between the Dzungarian Gate and the home of Boreas, the North Wind of Greek mythology. With legend describing the people who live on the other side of this home of the North Wind as a peaceful civilized people who eat grain and live by the sea, the Hyperboreans have been identified by some as the Chinese.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The windswept valley of the Dzungarian Gate, 6 mi wide at its narrowest, is located between Lake Alakol to the northwest in Kazakhstan and Ebinur Lake to the southeast in China. At its lowest, the floor of the valley lies at about 1,500 feet (450m) elevation, while the surrounding peaks of the Dzungarian Alatau range reach about 10,000 feet (3,000m) to the northeast and 15,000 feet (4,500m) to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>Douglas Carruthers, who explored the area in the first decade of the 20th century, writes:The Dzungarian Gate is a defile about six miles wide at its narrowest point, and forty-six miles long, connecting Southern Siberia with Dzungaria. It forms a natural pathway from the plateau of Mongolia to the great plain of North-western Asia, and is the one and only gateway in the mountain-wall which stretches from Manchuria to Afghanistan, over a distance of three thousand miles. On the west, the Ala-tau drops suddenly from peaks above snow-line to the level of the floor of the depression, 700 feet above the level of the ocean,—the lowest altitude in the inland basins of Central Asia, with the exception of the Turfan depression, which is actually below sea-level.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, the valley of Dzungarian Gate was created by the active strike-slip Dzungar fault system. In strike-slip faults the blocks slide past each other laterally, and in this case they do so in a counter-clockwise direction or dextrally, similar to the famous San Andreas Fault.</p><br>
<p>Remarking on it as a geological and physical phenomenon, Carruthers continues:he Dzungarian Gate is as unusual as that of the Jordan depression. They are both examples of a rift-valley caused by the movement of the earth&#39;s crust, not by the action of water. This valley once formed the connecting link between the drainage of Dzungaria and that of Southern Siberia. The chain of lakes at either end of the valley (Balkash, Ala Kul, Ebi Nor, etc.), are the remains of the great Asiatic Mediterranean Sea; if their waters were to rise a few hundred feet they would break through the Gate, flooding the plains to the north and south.</p><br>
<p>Noting that, "In prehistoric days the Dzungarian Gate must have presented a still more wonderful sight" when it "formed a narrow strait joining the Dzungarian inlet with the vast seas of Western Siberia," Carruthers quotes the British journalist and MP, Morgan Philips Price, with whom he travelled:One can picture the Dzungarian Gate in the Ice Age: a narrow strait through which the Arctic-AraloCaspian Sea ebbed and flowed into the seas of Central Asia, scoured by icebergs descending from ancient glaciers on the Ala-tau and Barlik Mountains and forested perhaps down to the water&#39;s edge,—not unlike the Straits of Belle Isle at the present day. Now a change has been wrought; earth-movement has drained the sea. But away to the north there still remain the lakes of Ala Kul, Sasik Kul, and Balkash, and on the south Ebi Nor,—pools left in the desert—all that remains of the great icy sea. The alluvial plains, once its bed, are now covered by desert grasses, while the forest clings only to the shaded slopes and gullies on the northern slopes of the mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origins and the Silk Road</h3><br>
<p>One of the earliest mentions of the Dzungaria region dates to when Emperor Wu of Han (reigning 156–87 BCE), dispatched the Han Chinese diplomat Zhang Qian to investigate lands to the west. The northernmost Silk Road trackway, about 2,600 km in length, connected the ancient Chinese capital of Xi&#39;an to the west over the Wushao Ling Pass to Wuwei and emerged in Kashgar before linking to ancient Parthia.</p><br>
<p>Dzungaria is named after a Mongolian kingdom which existed in Central Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It derived its name from the Dzungars, who were so called because they formed the left wing (züün, left; gar, hand) of the Mongolian army, the self-named Oirats. It was raised to its greatest prominence by Kaldan (also known as Galdan Boshigtu Khan) in the latter half of the 17th century, who made repeated incursions on the territory of the Kazakh state, but was completely destroyed by the Qing government in about 1757–1759. It played an important part in the history of Mongolia and the great westward Mongolian migrations. After 1761 its territory fell mostly to the Qing dynasty (Xinjiang and north-western Mongolia) and partly to Russian Turkestan (earlier the Kazakh state provinces of Semirechye- Jetysu and Irtysh river).</p><br>
<p>A traveler going west from China must go either north of the Tian Shan through Dzungaria or south of the Tian Shan through the Tarim Basin. Trade usually took the southern route and migrations the northern. This is most likely because the Tarim leads to the Ferghana Valley and Iran, while Dzungaria leads only to the open steppe. The difficulty with the southern route was the high mountains between the Tarim and Ferghana. There is also another reason. The Taklamakan Desert of the Tarim is too dry to support much grass, and therefore lacked nomads likely to rob caravans. Its inhabitants lived mostly in oases formed where rivers ran out of the mountains into the desert. These were inhabited by peasants who were unwarlike and merchants who had an interest in keeping trade running smoothly. On the other hand, Dzungaria had a fair amount of grass, few towns to base soldiers in and no significant mountain barriers to the west. Therefore, trade went south and migrations north.The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia</p><br>
<p>René Grousset</p><br>
<p>Rutgers University Press,</p><br>
<p>1970</p><br>
<p>p. xxii,</p><br>
<h3>Modern development</h3><br>
<p>The Chinese city of Alashankou lies on the eastern end of the valley in the Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. To the west, in the Almaty Province of Kazakhstan, lies its smaller counterpart, Dostyk, or Druzhba in Russian.</p><br>
<p>Modern development of the pass for its economic potential was delayed by political considerations. An agreement between the Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic of China to connect Kazakhstan with Western China by rail had been reached in 1954. On the Soviet side, the railway reached the border town of Druzhba (Dostyk) (whose names, both Russian and Kazakh, mean friendship&#39;) in 1959. On the Chinese side, however, the westward construction of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway was stopped once it reached Urumqi in 1962. Due to the Sino-Soviet Split, the border town remained a sleepy backwater for some 30 years, until the Alashankou railway station was finally completed on September 12, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Hyperborean connection</h2><br>
<p>The Dzungarian Gate has been noted in modern history as the most convenient pass for horseback riders between the western Eurasian steppe and lands further east, and for its fierce and almost constant winds. The area has also become known for its gold deposits and for producing prodigious numbers of dinosaur fossils, especially Protoceratops. Given that Herodotus relates a story of a traveller to the East who visited a land where griffins guard gold and east of which live the Hyperboreans, modern scholars have theorized that the Dzungarian Gate may be the real-world location of the home of Boreas, the North Wind of Greek Legend.</p><br>
<p>The Greek writer Herodotus writes in his Histories (4.13) that the explorer Aristeas, a native of Proconnesus in Asia Minor active circa 7th century BC, had written a now lost hexameter poem about a journey to the Issedones of the far north. Aristeas reported that beyond them lived the one-eyed Arimaspians, further on were the gold-guarding griffins, and beyond these the Hyperboreans. This Aristeas, possessed by Phoibos, visited the Issedones; beyond these live the one-eyed Arimaspoi, beyond whom are the Grypes that guard gold, and beyond these again the Hyperboreoi, whose territory reaches to the sea. Except for the Hyperboreoi, all these nations are always at war with their neighbors...</p><br>
<p>Based on Greek and Scythian sources, Herodotus describes the Issedones as living east of Scythia and north of the Massagetae, while the geographer Ptolemy (VI.16.7) appears to place the trading stations of Issedon Scythica and Issedon Serica in the Tarim Basin. They may have been identical with the people described in Chinese sources as the Wusun. According to E. D. Phillips, the Issedones are "placed by some in Western Siberia and by others in Chinese Turkestan." J.D.P. Bolton places them on the south-western slopes of the Altay mountains.</p><br>
<p>Since Herodotus places the Hyperboreans beyond the Massagetae and Issedones, both Central Asian peoples, it appears that his Hyperboreans may have lived in Siberia. Heracles sought the golden-antlered hind of Artemis in Hyperborea. As the reindeer is the only deer species of which females bear antlers, this would suggest an arctic or subarctic region. Following J.D.P. Bolton&#39;s location of the Issedones on the south-western slopes of the Altay mountains, Carl P.Ruck places Hyperborea beyond the Dzungarian Gate into northern Xinjiang, noting that the Hyperboreans were probably Chinese.</p><br>
<h3>Griffin</h3><br>
<p>The griffin (Greek: γρύφων, grýphōn), a legendary creature with the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle, is a common heraldic theme of Central Asia.</p><br>
<p>According to modern theory, the griffin was an ancient misconception derived from fossilized remains of the Protoceratops found in conjunction with gold mining in the mountains of Scythia, present day eastern Kazakhstan.</p><br>
<p>According to Mayor and Dodson the association of the Dzungarian Gate with gold and griffin (Protoceratops) skeletons spanned a thousand years of classical history:The second-century A.D. Alexandrian geographer Ptolemy and ancient Chinese sources agree in locating the issedonians along the old trade routes from China to the West, from the western Gobi desert to the Dzungarian (or Junggarian) Gate, the mountain pass between modern Kazakhstan and north-western China. Recent linguistic and archaeological studies confirm that Greek and Roman trade with Saka-Scythian nomads flourished in that region from Aristeas&#39;s day to about A.D. 300—exactly the period during which griffins were most prominently featured in Greco-Roman art and literature.</p><br>
<h3>North Wind</h3><br>
<p>The story of Boreas, the personified cold north winter wind of Greek legend who lived in a cave north of Greece, parallels that of the buran, a strong winter wind said to blow into the Kazakh steppe out of a hole in a mountainside in the Dzungarian Gate.</p><br>
<h4>Buran</h4><br>
<p>Ildikó Lehtinen writes that "the story of the cave of the stormwinds somewhere near the Dzungarian Gate" has been known for 2500 years, by travelers from Aristeas in the classic era, to Giovanni di Piano Carpini in the Middle Ages (before Marco Polo), and to Gustaf John Ramstedt in the 20th Century.</p><br>
<p>Carruthers reports the story of the buran, a ferocious winter wind said to sally from a hole in the side of a mountain:We had frequently heard of the terrors, dangers, and winds of the Dzungarian Gate.... The natives relate the usual traditions as to the origin of the winds in this locality. In the myths of Central Asia a "hole in the mountain," or "an iron gate in a lake" is the usual explanation of the origin of winds. In the case of which I am writing the island called Ala-tyube—a small extinct volcano in Ala Kul—is made responsible for the furious winds which sweep through the depression; the wind is called "ebe," or "yube" by the Kirghiz, and in special cases, when it reaches its maximum velocity, the term "buran" is applied.</p><br>
<h4>Boreas</h4><br>
<p>Boreas (Βορέας, Boréas) was the Greek god of the cold north wind and the bringer of winter. (Mallory and Adams speculate that the name may derive from a Proto-Indo-European root *gworh- meaning mountain.The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, J. P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams</p><br>
<p>Oxford University Press, 2006 ) Boreas is depicted as being very strong, with a violent temper to match. He was frequently shown as a winged old man with shaggy hair and beard, holding a conch shell and wearing a billowing cloak. Pausanias wrote that Boreas had snakes instead of feet, though in art he was usually depicted with winged human feet. Closely associated with horses (native to the Eurasian steppe; see Przewalskis Horse, also known as the Dzungarian Horse), Boreas was said to have fathered twelve colts after taking the form of a stallion, to the mares of Erichthonius, king of Troy. Pliny (Natural History iv.35 and viii.67) thought that mares might stand with their hindquarters to the North Wind, and bear foals without a stallion. Przwalskis mares are noted for turning their hindquarters to strong winds. The Greeks believed that Boreas&#39;s home was in Thrace, and Herodotus and Pliny both describe a northern land known as Hyperborea ("Beyond the North Wind"), where people lived in complete happiness and had extraordinarily long lifespans.</p><br>
<p>The Carrie Nation House in Medicine Lodge, Kansas, also known as Carry A. Nation Home and Museum, was a home of temperance movement leader Carrie A. Nation. It is one of two houses listed as Carry A. Nation House on the USA National Register of Historic Places; the other is the Carry A. Nation House in Lancaster, Garrard County, Kentucky.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Carrie Nation lived in this small brick house, at 211 W. Fowler Ave. (US 160), at the corner with Oak Street, in Medicine Lodge, from 1889 to 1902. In 1899 she received a "heavenly vision" to go to the nearby town of Kiowa, where she wrecked three saloons as part of her crusade against consumption of alcoholic beverages.</p><br>
<p>Subsequently, in 1902, she sold the house and used the sale proceeds to open a home in Kansas City for the wives of drunkards.</p><br>
<p>The building was bought by the Women&#39;s Christian Temperance Union in the 1950s. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The house is located next to a reproduction of an 1874 stockade that was used to protect settlers against attack from Native Americans. The actual stockade was much larger and located to the northeast, near the center of town. The reproduction was built as a for-profit venture in 1961, but closed due to financial problems in 1982. Since then it has reopened as the Medicine Lodge Stockade Museum.</p><br>
<p>Tickets to the stockade museum also include entrance to the Carrie Nation House.</p><br>
<p>The 1975 NRHP nomination states "The house suffers though, from proximity to the Medicine Lodge Stockade Museum, a touristy replica of a fort."</p><br>
<p>Edgbaston Pool is a Site of Special Scientific Interest located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England. It is one of 23 SSSI&#39;s in the West Midlands. The site has two distinct units  within it. The first is water-related and contains the 7 hectare lake and the input channel of the Chad Brook as well as some land that is either marsh or lake depending on the season. The second, the smaller section is woodland. In total the site measures 15.93 hectare.</p><br>
<p>Also known as Edgbaston Park, the site is based on glacial sands and gravels overlying sandstone from the Late Triassic period. Maps from the 18th century show there used to be two ponds on the site but one has now been naturally filled in and overgrown. On the south side of the main pool is a dam holding the water in and a small weir. The site is adjacent to Winterbourne Botanic Garden and Edgbaston Golf Course and close to the University of Birmingham. Access is via Winterbourne Botanic Garden.</p><br>
<p>The pool&#39;s bird life has been recorded since at least the 1860s and has included hooded crow, nightingale, nightjar and hawfinch.</p><br>
<p>The site, in the grounds of Edgbaston Hall, is part of the Calthorpe Estate, and is included in the leasehold of the Edgbaston Golf Club. The site was managed by a joint committee with members from the Birmingham Natural History Society and the Golf Club, in line with a management plan agreed with Natural England (formerly English Nature). However, in January 2012, the Birmingham Natural History Society announced that, after many years, it was withdrawing from its formal role in the management of the SSSI (whose designation it was instrumental in securing), due to a decline in the number of volunteers able to carry out that role. The site will now be managed by the golf club, under a new 99-year lease, in association with Natural England.</p><br>
<p>Chincoteague Bay  is a lagoon between the Atlantic barrier islands of Assateague and Chincoteague and the mainland of Worcester County, Maryland and northern Accomack County, Virginia. At the bays northern end, where it narrows between Assateague and Sinepuxent Neck, it becomes Sinepuxent Bay; Chincoteague Bays southern end drains into the Atlantic Ocean via Queen Sound and Chincoteague Inlet. No major river flows into Chincoteague Bay—its largest tributaries are Newport Creek in Worcester County and Swans Gut Creek in Accomack County.</p><br>
<p>During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Chincoteague Bay was well known for its shellfish industry, which shipped oysters, crabs, and clams to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York. The shellfish industry was based in several landings and small towns: Taylors Landing at Girdletree, Maryland, George Island Landing at Stockton, Maryland, and Franklin City and Greenbackville in Virginia. Girdletree, Stockton, and Franklin City were all on the now-defunct southern end of what is today the Maryland and Delaware Railroad that ran south from Snow Hill, Maryland. Overfishing depleted shellfish stocks, which have still not recovered.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the largest settlements on the Bay are Public Landing, Maryland, Greenbackville, Captain&#39;s Cove (a planned residential community near Greenbackville), and the town of Chincoteague.</p><br>
<p>The bay is an important stop on the Atlantic Flyway. The E.A. Vaughn Wildlife Management Area and parts of the Sinepuxent Bay Wildlife Management Area are located on the Maryland portion of the Bay, and the Assateague Island National Seashore and Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge form its eastern shore.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Bough Place Historic District is a national historic district located at New Albany, Indiana, ¾ of a mile from the Ohio River, across from Louisville, Kentucky. It consists of the 800-block of the road Cedar Bough Place, between Beeler and Ekin Avenues.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Twenty-five primary buildings, seven outbuildings, and one fence contribute to the historic nature of the neighborhood, all of which built from 1883 to 1920. These buildings are primarily of Vernacular Victorian and Queen Anne style, but examples of Bungalow, Airplane Bungalow and American Foursquare are also in the district. Most houses in the district were built between 1891 and 1905.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district was originally part of 70 acre owned by the Loughrey family in the early 19th century. The 70 acre would be divided into twenty plots, with sizes ranging from two to 10 acre. Lot #6 was 5 acre, and would become Cedar Bough Place.</p><br>
<p>When Lot 42 of the Illinois Land Grant was divided, Cedar Bough Place was laid off into lots, roads, etc. and sold on the 17th day of September, 1836 by Margaret Loughrey with the following provision: "and I hereby certify all roads, alleys, streets, etc., laid off of said ground to be for the common benefit of the purchasers and owners of said lots. The streets and alleys cannot be opened to the public without 90% of the property owners voting for the street being dedicated as a public street."</p><br>
<p>Private streets were created as a way for residential landowners to control real estate speculation and maintain property standards, in an era before the protections of zoning.</p><br>
<p>Construction in the neighborhood was started by Andros Huncilman 50 years later in 1890, at the end of the prosperous post-Civil War era in New Albany&#39;s history. Huncilman owned a 5 acre lot that would comprise the district. Throughout its history it has been a private street; with ownership of the street divided among the property owners.</p><br>
<p>By deed restriction, Cedar Bough Place is one of the first private streets in the United States. Lucas Place, the first private street in St. Louis, Missouri, was dedicated 15 years later, in 1851. That private street no longer exists. The oldest existing private street in St. Louis, Missouri is Lafayette Square, which dates to 1868, was dedicated 32 years after Cedar Bough Place was created and made private by Loughrey&#39;s deed restriction.</p><br>
<p>No other city near New Albany, including Louisville, has private streets (although Louisville does have private alleys), and Cedar Bough Place is the only private street in New Albany.</p><br>
<p>A long-standing fence that contributes to the historic nature of the neighborhood is on the north side, and is a central wrought iron connecting two original stone walls keeping traffic from entering the private road. The southern fence is just wide enough for a single vehicle. Built in 1970 to replace the original entrance, it is not part of the historic fabric of the district.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent residents</h2><br>
<p>Bernard Hock (American table tennis champion)</p><br>
<p>Ferdinand N. Kahler (inventor and automobile manufacturer)</p><br>
<p>F. Shirley Wilcox (Indiana&#39;s chief of Internal Revenue Service collections and Indiana State Treasurer)</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>In 1994 an architectural study determined that Shelby Place could eventually achieve National Register status. In 2006 the Indiana Department of Natural Resources gave a grant of $6,150 to the city of New Albany to prepare Cedar Bough Place, DePauw Avenue Historic District, and Shelby Place Historic District for registration on the National Register of Historic Places. All three neighborhoods were placed on the National Register on March 19, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Lecompton Constitution Hall, also known as Constitution Hall, is a building in Lecompton, Kansas that played a role in the long-running Bleeding Kansas crisis. It is operated by the Kansas Historical Society as Constitution Hall State Historic Site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During 1857 this building was one of the busiest and most important in Kansas Territory. Thousands of settlers and speculators filed claims in the United States land office on the first floor. They sometimes fought hand-to-hand for their share of the rich lands that were opening for settlement. The government was removing the Native Americans from Kansas to make their lands available to whites.</p><br>
<p>Upstairs the district court periodically met to try to enforce the territorial laws. Most free-state people refused to obey these laws because they had been passed by the proslavery territorial legislature. This resistance made law enforcement nearly impossible for territorial officials. Time after time the territorial governors called out federal troops from Fort Leavenworth or Fort Riley to maintain order.</p><br>
<p>In January 1857 the second territorial legislative assembly met on the upper floor. Although still firmly proslavery, this group removed some of the earlier laws that their antislavery neighbors opposed.</p><br>
<p>The Lecompton Constitutional Convention met that fall in this same second-floor assembly room. The purpose of the convention was to draft a constitution to gain statehood for Kansas. Newspaper correspondents from across the country gathered to report on the meetings. Many Americans feared a national civil war if the convention could not satisfy both proslavery and antislavery forces. Regrettably, compromise proved impossible because proslavery men dominated the convention. They created a document that protected slavery no matter how the people of Kansas Territory voted. This was intolerable for their antislavery opponents, who refused to participate in what they considered to be an illegal government. Eventually the Lecompton Constitution was defeated at the national level. It never went into effect.</p><br>
<p>Instead, free-state forces rallied their supporters. They gained control of the territorial legislature in the October 1857 election. Two months later this new legislature was called into special session to deal with critical territorial problems. They met in the same Lecompton assembly hall that their political enemies had controlled only a few weeks before. Here they began to reform the laws of Kansas Territory according to their own beliefs. That work continued during later legislative sessions. In 1858 the assembly was moved from the proslavery capital of Lecompton to the free-state town of Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Hollenberg Pony Express Station, also known as Cottonwood Pony Express Station, was built by Gerat H. Hollenberg in 1858, to serve travelers on the Oregon and California Trails. When the Pony Express was established in 1860, the cabin served riders and provided remounts. The station also served the Butterfield Overland Mail. Hollenberg traded with emigrants on the trails, operated the westernmost Pony Express station in Kansas, and provided relay services for the Overland Mail. The building has never been moved and retains its original dimensions. Hollenberg prospered, establishing the town of Hanover, Kansas and winning election to the Kansas Legislature.</p><br>
<p>The station is owned by the state of Kansas and is operated by the Kansas Historical Society as Hollenberg Pony Express Station State Historic Site. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.</p><br>
<p>The Cerros de Escazú is a mountain range in San José Province, central Costa Rica.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range borders the Costa Rican Central Valley to the south. It is considered the northernmost portion of the Cordillera de Talamanca.</p><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>The highest peak is Cerro Rabo de Mico with 2,428 m, followed closely by Cerro Cedral with 2,420 m. Other relevant mountains include Cerro Pico Alto with 2,353 m, Cerro Pico Blanco 2,271 m and Cerro San Miguel with 2,035 m.</p><br>
<h3>Settlements</h3><br>
<p>While in San José, the Cerros de Escazú can be seen to the south-west. The name is taken from the city of Escazú, which lies on its northern slopes. Other nearby cities are Santa Ana to the north, Ciudad Colón to the northwest, Tabarcia to the southwest, Palmichal to the southwest, Aserrí to the east and Alajuelita to the northeast. This mountain range lies in various counties: Escazú, Santa Ana, Mora, Acosta, Aserrí and Alajuelita.</p><br>
<p>Quitirrisí, also in the Cerros de Escazú, is the Native American reserve which lies closest to the capital, San José.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Due to its position, this mountain range has several climatic influences that are reflected in the habitat diversity and biodiversity. In an attempt to protect this biological richness but also the local watersheds, the Cerros de Escazú Protected Zone, the El Rodeo Protected Zone and the Quitirrisí Protected Zone were created.</p><br>
<p>It is a popular destination for mountain bikers and hikers although there are no clearly marked trails.</p><br>
<p>The Zanesville Y-Bridge is a historic Y-shaped three-way bridge that spans the confluence of the Licking and Muskingum Rivers in downtown Zanesville, Ohio. It carries the traffic of USA Route 40 , as well as Linden Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The flow of Muskingum has been regulated by a series of dams and locks since the mid-19th century. Before the regulation serious floods often occurred, which washed away or weakened the earliest bridges.</p><br>
<p>The first Zanesville Y-Bridge was constructed in 1814. The trestle bridge stood for four years. The second wooden bridge was erected in 1819. New roads were built in the area and traffic increased. A winter flood in 1831–1832 weakened the second bridge to be unsafe for the increased traffic. A third iteration, a wooden covered bridge was completed in 1832 and stood until 1900.</p><br>
<p>The next bridge opened in early 1902. It had concrete balustrade railings which were lost to the 1913 flood and replaced with pipe railings. The fourth bridge was deemed unsafe in 1979. After demolition it was found that only one of the three segments needed actual replacement, the other spans would have needed only surface repairs.</p><br>
<p>The current concrete and steel bridge is the fifth in the series on the same location. It opened in 1984. While being a relief to traffic and the citizens, it has received criticism for a tunnel-like effect due to its solid railings, providing hardly any view of the scenery.</p><br>
<p>The bridge appears in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Muskingum County, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Springville Center for the Arts is a non-profit community multi-arts center located at Springville in Erie County, New York. It is housed in the historic The Baptist Church of Springville, a historic Baptist church. It was built in 1869, and is a red brick Late Gothic Revival-style church with limestone trim. It features a square corner bell tower.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Springville Center for the Arts opened in a store front location in 1998. The organization grew out of the long-standing community theater organization, the Springville Players, after a series of town hall meetings with interested artists and actors. The former Brown&#39;s Shoe Store was converted into a black box theater with adjoining gallery and reception space. Initial programming quickly expanded to include youth theater productions, a cinema program, workshops, a writers workshop and concerts.</p><br>
<p>In June 2007, the organization purchased a Baptist church dating to the 1860s. All programming is currently done at an interim setup at the site with extensive exterior restoration and interior renovations planned.</p><br>
<h2>Springville Players</h2><br>
<p>The Springville Players began producing live community theater in the 1966 with "Mr. Roberts". For the first thirty-two years, theater events took place at the Springville Griffith High School auditorium, Bluemont, and Springville Griffith Elementary School amongst other temporary locations before moving to a rented space at 35 East Main Street. Programming typically includes one drama, comedy and a musical per season and is coordinated by a volunteer committee. Starting in 2003 with Les Mis, an additional summer youth production was added.</p><br>
<h2>Harold L. Olmsted Gallery</h2><br>
<p>With the creation of an Arts Center in 1998, Springville Players, later Springville Center for the Arts, Inc., added a community gallery. Volunteers curated approximately twelve exhibits per year. The Harold L. Olmsted Gallery, named after a local notable architect, landscape architect and artist, was dedicated at the new facility on August 10, 2010 and continues to exhibit work by local artists.</p><br>
<p>Fort Logan H. Roots  was a military base located in North Little Rock, Arkansas, set on a high promontory overlooking the Arkansas River. The land was traded to the Federal Government in 1892 in exchange for the property now known as MacArthur Park, in Little Rock, which had been a military arsenal since the 1830s when Arkansas was a territory. The base was named for Congressman Logan H. Roots in recognition for his work in the negotiations.</p><br>
<p>The 66th United States Congress transferred Fort Roots to the Public Health Service department on March 4, 1921, for conversion to a veterans hospital for neuropsychiatric disorders. On June 10, 1983, a newly constructed hospital building was dedicated on the existing property. The main hospital building was formally named the Eugene J. Towbin Healthcare Center in May 1996 in honor of Eugene J. Towbin, M.D., Ph.D., in recognition of his 40-year career at the VA Medical Center. The Center provides long-term, rehabilitative care for eligible veterans.</p><br>
<p>Although four of the existing hospital structures were demolished, Fort Roots (as the campus is still known) retained many of its original military buildings and an 11 acre "parade ground" in the center of the original post. Many of the historic buildings flanking the former parade ground were listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 in recognition of the area&#39;s military history, and virtually the entire campus was listed in 2013 in recognition of its significance as a Veterans Administration medical facility.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Ephraim McDowell House, also known as McDowell House, was a home of medical doctor Ephraim McDowell.</p><br>
<p>The home was declared a USA National Historic Landmark in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Ephraim McDowell biography</h2><br>
<p>Ephraim McDowell (November 11, 1771 &ndash; June 25, 1830) was an American physician.</p><br>
<p>He was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia and moved with his family to Danville, Kentucky in 1784. He studied under Dr. Humphrey in Staunton, Virginia, then attended lectures in medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1793 to 1794 and studied privately with John Bell. In 1795. he returned from Scotland, settled in Danville, Kentucky and began his practice as a surgeon.</p><br>
<p>Dr. McDowell played a prominent role in his community. He was a founder of Trinity Episcopal Church in Danville and a founder and original corporator of Centre College in Danville. Dr. McDowell became a member of the Philadelphia Medical Society in 1817.</p><br>
<p>He removed a urinary stone and repaired a hernia for James K. Polk.</p><br>
<p>On December 13, 1809, Dr. McDowell diagnosed an ovarian tumor in Jane Todd Crawford of Green County, Kentucky, In his house on Christmas morning, 1809, Dr. McDowell removed a 22.5 pounds (10.2 kg) tumor without anesthetic or antisepsis. Mrs. Crawford made an uncomplicated recovery, returning to her home 25 days later and living another 32 years. This was the first successful removal of an ovarian tumor in the world.</p><br>
<h2>House history</h2><br>
<p>The House was built in three stages. A brick ell was constructed 1792–1795. Dr. McDowell purchased it in late 1802. He added the front, clapboard portion in 1803–1804 and the small brick office to the left of the back porch in 1820. The house was remodeled at the same time.</p><br>
<p>After McDowell&#39;s death in 1830 the house was sold. It was the home of a Centre College president for a short time. Later the entire area became slum and tenement property. The house deteriorated badly. Dr. August Schachner, of Louisville, led the efforts to buy the house for restoration. In 1921 he visited the house. "Since our last visit, the house has continued its downward course until it has reached a point where it now seems almost beyond redemption. The room that served as the original office of Dr. McDowell is now used as a shoe-shining booth for Negroes. The room in the rear of the corresponding front room on the second floor,"(the operating room) "which is on a lower level by several feet, is used as a dump for the ashes from the grates of the rooms on the second floor."</p><br>
<p>The bought the house in 1935 and deeded it to the state of Kentucky, who had it restored by Works Progress Administration (WPA). It was dedicated on May 20, 1939. In 1948, Kentucky returned the property to the Kentucky Medical Association.</p><br>
<p>The restored the Apothecary Shop in the late 1950s with help from the. It was furnished by the Pfizer Laboratories. It was dedicated and presented to the Kentucky Medical Association on August 14, 1959.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Hall, on the campus of Berea College in Berea, Kentucky is a three-story building built in 1887. The building serves as school&#39;s administration building. It was declared to be a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The college, established in 1855, is significant as the first college established in the United States expressly for the goal of educating black and white students together. Lincoln Hall was built originally with first floor for classrooms and offices, with second floor for classrooms and a library, and with third floor for laboratories, a museum and meeting rooms. It was funded by donation from Roswell C. Smith, founder of Century Magazine. By 1974, the building was used for the President&#39;s office and other administrative functions.</p><br>
<p>Bay of Baku  is a natural harbor of the Baku port and local yacht club, on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula and on the western shore of the Caspian Sea.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It has an area of 50 km² and a coastline of 20 km. The bay is bordered by Sultan Cape in the east, Shikh Cape on the south-west and the islands of Qum, Dash Zira and Boyuk Zira in the south and south-east. These islands are part of the Baku Archipelago which lies mostly within the bay. These characteristics make it an ideal place for a harbor. There lies Baku Boulevard on the seashore. During severe storms with high winds, the height of the waves in the bay can reach 1–5 m.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From the 1st century AD till the 7th century, Baku bay was dry and the islands in the bay joined the land. In Ptolemy’s map Baku was described far from the sea. After the 7th century began the rising of water level of the Caspian Sea till the 9th century and since then formation of Baku bay began. Severe changes happened at the end of the 8th century, when the Caspian Sea raised up to more than ten meters. A major earthquake occurred in 1306, the Sabayil Castle, built on an island in the Bay of Baku, was submerged and remained under water for several centuries. It was only in the early 18th century, when the Caspian Sea retreated, that the island resurfaced. Mario Sanuto, an Italian geographer of the 14th century sadly noted that: "Water level of the Caspian Sea rises each year and most cities have flooded.", and according to words of Abd ar-Rashid al-Bakuvi, the geographer, in 1403 the Caspian Sea flooded the part of Baku and water stood near a mosque. At that time the sea was waving near foot of the Maiden Tower, which confirms a legend about a girl, who threw herself from the top of the tower. At that time Sabayil Castle, which was built on the rock in Baku bay, was totally located under water. During the next 600 years level of the sea was hesitatingly stood high till the beginning of the 20th century, when it began to sink.</p><br>
<h2>Ecologic condition</h2><br>
<p>According to a statement of a representative of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources there are a lot of reasons of pollution of Baku bay. Wastes from industrial, dwelling and domestic objects located on the seashore and also exploitation of vessels, oil and gas deposits are the main factors that worsen the ecological condition. Works on investigation of depth of Baku bay began after 1996, and later works on extraction of metallic constructions and sunk vessels from water were began. In 2007-2009’s, large scale works on cleansing of the bay from sunk vessels, metallic constructions and non-exploited hydrotechnical constructions, non-serviceable subsea pipelines were began. In whole 4500 tons of scrap metal and approximately 412 tons of wooden wastes were extracted from the sea.</p><br>
<h2>Ports and bridges</h2><br>
<p>Trade port is stretched along the northern and western shores of Baku bay. The port is fully re-equipped, all loading and unloading works in it are mechanized. There is a port for ferry quay in the north-western part of Baku bay. There is discussion on the need of construction of a bridge through Baku bay, - from Lokbatan to Zikh highway. It is considered that length of the bridge over the sea, from Shikh to Zig is 14,5 km. Total length of the bridge, which will be connected with encircling highway is 26 km. The sea bridge will be constructed on high piers, for not impeding movement of vessels. It is planned to deliver the bridge until 2015. Automobile highway through Baku bay will be paid. construction works will last for 3,5 years.</p><br>
<h2>Entertainments</h2><br>
<p>Foreign companies plan to open a recreational center in Boyuk Zira and Pirallahi islands of Baku bay. In Azerbaijani newspapers is reported that a Turkish company which is preparing an appropriate project will hold the construction of the recreational center in Nargin Island. It is planned to open modern hotels, entertainment places and other buildings in the island. It is also planned to open one of the biggest lunaparks in the CIS, which will be constructed by German specialists. It is expected that the island will be one of the centers of tourism in the future.</p><br>
<h2>Interesting facts</h2><br>
<p>There is a flooded city sabayil under waters of Baku bay.</p><br>
<p>A salad was named after Baku bay.</p><br>
<p>The Chiemgau Alps  are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps and therefore belong to the Eastern Alps. Their major part is situated in Bavaria, Germany and only a small section crosses the Austrian border into the states of Salzburg and Tirol. They reach their highest elevation  in the Sonntagshorn, a peak straddling the German-Austrian border.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Chiemgau Alps stretch from the Inn River in the West to the Salzach River in the East and cover a distance of 60 km in strike direction; their maximum width in North-South direction amounts to about 25–30 km.</p><br>
<p>They are surrounded by the following mountain ranges:</p><br>
<p>Bavarian Prealps in the West</p><br>
<p>Kaisergebirge in the Southwest</p><br>
<p>Leoganger Steinberge in the South</p><br>
<p>Loferer Steinberge in the Southeast</p><br>
<p>Berchtesgaden Alps in the Southeast and East</p><br>
<p>Their northern edge often drops off quite drastically to the foothills.</p><br>
<h3>Major peaks</h3><br>
<p>Sonntagshorn 1961 m</p><br>
<p>Steinplatte 1869 m</p><br>
<p>Geigelstein 1813 m</p><br>
<p>Zwiesel 1781 m</p><br>
<p>Dürrnbachhorn 1776 m</p><br>
<p>Hochstaufen 1771 m</p><br>
<p>Fellhorn 1764 m</p><br>
<p>Hochgern 1744 m</p><br>
<p>Peaks for rock climbing:</p><br>
<p>Hörndlwand 1684 m</p><br>
<p>Kampenwand 1664 m</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Wicomico Demonstration Forest is primarily forested land. This area is used by the Maryland Forest Service to demonstrate various timber management techniques and practices.</p><br>
<p>Six marked recreational trails (4 loops, 2 connecting) are offered, ranging from short hikes to longer day trips. Motorized vehicles are prohibited on trails, however hiking, horseback riding and bicycling are acceptable uses, trail conditions permitting.</p><br>
<p>Dark Blue Trail: 2.6-mile loop trail. A parking area for large vehicles is located at the head of the trial on Morris Road. A picnic area is located at the convergence of the loop trail approximately 0.6 miles from the parking area.</p><br>
<p>Green Trail: 1.0-mile loop trail around the arboretum. This trail shares a section with the White Trail.</p><br>
<p>Red Trail: 2.2-mile loop trail. This trail shares a section with the White Trail. Growing and mature pine and hardwood forests and a habitat restoration project with an early successional forest plan are the highlights of this trail.</p><br>
<p>White Trail: 6.1-mile loop trail. This trail shares some sections with the Green and Red Trails. As the longest marked loop trail, this trail features numerous pine stands and management regimes indicative of the Wicomico Demonstration Forest.</p><br>
<p>Light Blue Trail: 0.8-mile trail that parallels the northwestern portion of the White Trail between Sixty Foot Road and Seymore Road.</p><br>
<p>Orange Trail: 0.7-mile trail that connects Shavox Road and the White Trail to the Light Blue Trail.</p><br>
<p>Parking for the Green, Red, and White trails is available at the Wicomico County Forestry Office on Sixty Foot Road. The parking area on Sixty Foot Road can accommodate large vehicles such as horse trailers. Additional parking for the Red, White, Light Blue, and Orange trails is available on Shavox Road, Seymore Road, and Powell Road.</p><br>
<p>Pocomoke River Wildlife Management Area is a state wildlife management area  of Maryland that lies on the south bank of the Pocomoke River in Worcester County. The Pocomoke River State Forest abuts the northern edge of the WMA.</p><br>
<p>The Pocomoke River WMA&#39;s 1,016 acre tract is a mixture of agricultural fields, woodlands, and wetlands located within the cypress swamp in south central Worcester County, north of Pocomoke City. The WMA contains stands of loblolly pine and bald cypress and a great variety of plant and local and migratory animal life, including white dogwood and pink laurel in the spring, white-tailed deer, and bald eagles.</p><br>
<p>Hunting in season is permitted in the WMA, as are hiking, birding, and boating.</p><br>
<p>Glen Lake Childrens Camp is a former childrens camp for victims of tuberculosis. The camp was part of the Glen Lake Sanatorium on the border of Minnetonka and Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Although the main sanatorium buildings were demolished in 1993, the childrens camp portion remained intact. The camp is Minnesotas only known surviving camp for children who had tuberculosis, and it reflects the philanthropic efforts of its founders, George H. and Leonora Christian. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 5, 1999.</p><br>
<p>Tuberculosis was becoming a major health problem in Minnesota around the turn of the 20th century, with more than 20,000 Minnesotans dying of the disease between 1887 and 1899. The Minnesota Legislature created the Minnesota State Sanatorium for Consumptives on Leech Lake near Walker, Minnesota in 1907. The sanatorium at Leech Lake wasn&#39;t able to handle the increasing demand for tuberculosis patients, so the Legislature passed a bill allowing counties to build their own sanatoria. Hennepin County began construction of the Glen Lake Sanatorium in 1914, and it opened in 1916.</p><br>
<p>The childrens camp was established by George H. and Leonora Christian. George H. Christian was a flour buyer who partnered with Governor Cadwallader C. Washburn. Leonora dedicated herself to the fight against tuberculosis, and in 1906, she established a summer camp in Minneapolis for children with tuberculosis. The camp moved to Glenwood Park (now Theodore Wirth Park) in 1909, staffed by the Visiting Nurses Association. In 1925, the Visiting Nurses Association determined that they could no longer operate the camp. The Childrens Aid Society, a foundation established by George H. Christian in 1916, offered to build a permanent childrens camp. Glen Lake Sanatorium was willing to provide land and management. Glen Lake Childrens Camp opened on June 12, 1925.</p><br>
<p>When antibiotic treatments became available for tuberculosis in the 1940s, the era of tuberculosis treatment began to draw to a close. The childrens camp ceased operation in 1950, and the Leech Lake Sanatorium closed in 1962 and transferred its patients to Glen Lake. The last tuberculosis patient was discharged in 1976. The sanatorium complex, with the exception of the childrens camp, was demolished in 1993. In 1997, most of the land became the Glen Lake Golf and Practice Center operated by Three Rivers Park District. The children&#39;s camp is still in operation, leased to True Friends and operated by Eden Wood Center.</p><br>
<p>Nassawango Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Maryland; it is the largest tributary of the Pocomoke River, located on the Delmarva Peninsula. Older variations on the same name include Nassanongo, Naseongo, Nassiongo, and Nassiungo, meaning "ground between the streams". Early English records have it as Askimenokonson Creek, after a Native settlement near its headwaters .</p><br>
<p>The Nassawango ( or ) rises in Wicomico County, Maryland and flows 20.8 mi through Worcester County to join the Pocomoke below Snow Hill. Large portions of its drainage lie within the Pocomoke River State Forest and The Nature Conservancy&#39;s Nassawango Creek Preserve. Nassawango Creek and its tributaries were once dammed in several places for mills; one dam site, became an early industrial blast furnace operation, where bog iron ore was smelted to make pig iron at Furnacetown during the first half of the 19th century. Today, the furnace grounds are considered a local historical landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Fallen Timbers Battlefield was the site of the Battle of Fallen Timbers on 20 August 1794.</p><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>This photo is of the Fallen Timbers Battlefield Memorial Site, whose centerpiece is the Battle of Fallen Timbers Monument. The memorial site was originally believed to have been near the actual battlefield below, on the river floodplain. It has since been discovered that the battlefield is actually above the floodplain, just northeast of the memorial on the opposite side of US-24. The newly discovered site was designated along with the memorial site and the site of Fort Miamis as Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort Miamis National Historic Site in 1999. The site is an affiliated unit of the National Park System, managed by Toledo Metroparks in cooperation with the Ohio Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, interpretative information at the site was very limited. The newly discovered battlefield opened to the public in October 2015.</p><br>
<p>Isle of Wight Wildlife Management Area is a state wildlife management area  of Maryland located on the Isle of Wight, a small peninsula between the St. Martin&#39;s River and Isle of Wight Bay in Worcester County. Although called Isle of Wight, a small strip of marsh and road connects it with the mainland.</p><br>
<p>The WMA is bisected by Maryland Route 90, one of the two principal highway routes into Ocean City. Despite this, the WMA attracts many birds, especially those dependent upon tidal marshes and bays, including great blue herons and green herons, black ducks, buffleheads, scaup, brant, Canada and snow geese, the common loon, and swans.</p><br>
<p>Although hunting in season is permitted in the WMA, the area south of Route 90 is closed to hunting and is managed as a day use recreation area by Worcester County.</p><br>
<p>Rim Village is the main area for tourist services in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It is located on the southwest rim of the caldera overlooking Crater Lake. The National Park Service designed Rim Village to concentrate park services at a location that provided easy access to rim trails and view points. Because of the unique rustic architecture of the Rim Village structures and the surrounding park landscape, the area was listed as Rim Village Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the 12,000 ft high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennium, the caldera was filled with rain water forming today&#39;s lake. The Klamath Indians revered Crater Lake for its deep blue waters. In 1853, three gold miners found the lake, and named it Deep Blue Lake. However, because the lake was so high in the Cascade Mountains the discovery was soon forgotten.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, Captain Clarence Dutton, commander of a United States Geological Survey party, carried a half-ton survey boat, the Cleetwood, up the steep mountain slope and lowered it 2,000 ft into the lake. From the Cleetwood, Dutton used piano wire to measure the depth of the lake at 168 different points. The survey team determined the lake was 1,996 ft deep. This is surprisingly close to the modern sonar based readings made in 1959 that established the lake&#39;s deepest point at 1,932 ft.</p><br>
<p>William Gladstone Steel accompanied Dutton to Crater Lake in 1886. He named many of the lakes landmarks including Wizard Island, Llao Rock, and Skell Head, and participated in lake surveys that provided scientific evidence of the lakes uniqueness. After his return, he began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park.</p><br>
<h2>Park history</h2><br>
<p>On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nations sixth national park. The United States Department of Interior was charged with developing road access and visitor services for the park. This was a difficult job because of the parks remote location at the summit of the Cascade Mountains. By 1905, a "steep and tortuous" road leading to the crater rim was completed. This access road was essential for the development of the Rim Village area.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, William Gladstone Steel brought professional photographer Frederick H. Kiser to Crater Lake. Many of the early photographs of the park are Kiser&#39;s work. In 1907, Steel established the Crater Lake Company to run "Camp Crater" which provided park visitors with basic services.</p><br>
<p>Crater Lake Lodge was the first major building constructed in the area that is now Rim Village. It was begun in 1909 by the Crater Lake Company. The lodge was located close to the edge of the rim to ensure visitors had a spectacular view of the lake and the surrounding caldera. Because of the remote location and short construction season, the lodge was not finished until 1915.</p><br>
<p>The National Park Service was established in 1916. This was an important step toward creating long-term development plans for National Parks like Crater Lake. In addition to establishing the National Park Service, the United States Congress began appropriating funds for various park projects. However, the United States entry into World War I slowed development of the parks infrastructure.</p><br>
<p>After the war, the Army Corps of Engineers built several hiking trails radiating out from the lodge area. This allowed park visitors to make day-trip to Watchman Peak on the west rim and Garfield Peak on the south rim, and return to the lodge by evening. In 1921, Fred Kiser was given permission to construct a stone building near the edge of the rim where he could sell his hand colored photographs of Crater Lake. By 1924, a number of amenities were available in the "Village" area. These included the lodge, a public campground, Kiser&#39;s studio, a park community center for special programs, and public comfort stations.</p><br>
<h2>Village development</h2><br>
<p>By 1927, the area around the lodge was called "Rim Village" by both visitors and park staff. The National Park Service approved a master plan for development of Rim Village in 1927, and Congress provided funds to begin implementing the plan. The development program was overseen by the National Park Services Landscape Engineering Division, headed by Thomas C. Vint. Over the next fourteen years, Crater Lakes infrastructure was developed in accordance with the parks master plan. As a result, park buildings from this era reflect a common character consistent with National Park Services rustic design style.</p><br>
<p>Development at Rim Village was curtailed during World War II. Maintenance became the primary concern of the park staff, as Civilian Conservation Corps manpower disappeared with the onset of the war. This began a period of decline in Rim Village.</p><br>
<p>In 1955, the National Park Service implemented a new program to restore park facilities throughout the nation. The program&#39;s main thrust was to standardize national park facilities across the country. In Rim Village, some rustic features were replaced or covered over in the effort to modernize park facilities and original landscape elements were altered or removed. Later the Rim Village campground was removed entirely and the site converted into a day-use picnic area. The rustic tables and fireplaces were replaced with more contemporary models.</p><br>
<p>Despite the changes, the design features of the original master plan still dominate Rim Village. The main buildings, general landscape, pathways, and rim trails remain consistent with the original design.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>There are six primary buildings in the Rim Village Historic District. Five of them are original structures; however, all six reflect the rustic style of architecture which is the common design theme that makes the Rim Village historically unique.</p><br>
<p>Crater Lake Lodge is located at the east end of Rim Village. It was built by a private developer between 1909 and 1915. The lodge was expanded in 1922. The National Park Service acquired the lodge in 1967. It was completely reconstructed in 1991. Today, guests enjoy modern accommodations in an atmosphere reminiscent of the 1920s. The lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 (NRHP #81000096).</p><br>
<p>The Sinnott Memorial Observation Station was built into the caldera cliff overlooking the lake. The structure was designed by landscape architect Merel S. Sager, a pioneer of the rustic style of park architecture. The building includes a small natural history museum with exhibits that highlight the geologic history of Mount Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake. The building was officially dedicated on 16 July 1931 as the Nicholas J. Sinnott Memorial Observation Station and Museum. The Sinnott Memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 (NRHP #88002623).</p><br>
<p>The park&#39;s public Cafeteria and Gift Shop was built in 1928. The cafeteria was renovated in 1956 and 1970. In 2007, the original cafeteria was torn down and replaced with a modern dining facility designed in the rustic style so it remains consistent with the character of the historic districts.</p><br>
<p>The Community House was built in 1924. It was used for park programs until 1989. The National Park Service considered demolishing the building, but decided to renovate it instead. It was returned to its historic use in 2001.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the six main buildings there are several secondary buildings in the Rim Village Historic District. Significant among these minor buildings is Comfort Station #4 (building 72). It is an original building constructed in the early 1930s. This building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 as Comfort Station No. 72 (NRHP #88002625). The building remains an important part of the Rim Village landscape, despite minor alterations made to the structure when it was converted from a comfort station to an electrical transformer vault.</p><br>
<h2>Roads and pathways</h2><br>
<p>Pathways are located throughout Rim Village to provide pedestrian access to the rim viewing areas, buildings and parking lots. The main pedestrian paths have not changed from the original Rim Village design. The most important path is the "Rim Promenade" constructed between 1928 and 1932. It follows the crater rim approximately 2,500 ft from the Garfield Peak trailhead east of Crater Lake Lodge to a point at the west end of Rim Village. View points along the Promenade provide excellent vistas of Crater Lake&#39;s blue water, Wizard Island, and the 1,000 ft high caldera walls that surround the lake. Various spur pathways provide access to the Crater Lake Lodge, Sinnott Memorial, Rim Village Plaza, and parking areas.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Rim Village is located in the Cascade Mountains, 7,100 ft above sea level. In the Rim Village area, winter lasts eight months with an average snowfall of 533 in per year, and many snow banks remain well into the summer. While access to the Rim Village is normally year-round, the cafeteria and gift shop are the only facilities open in winter. During the winter months, park rangers led snowshoe walks on weekends and holidays. In the summer, rangers offer daily programs that highlight the geologic history of Mount Mazama, the formation of Crater Lake, the lakes unique nature features, the science behind the lakes blue water, and park history.</p><br>
<p>The Eugene V. Debs House, on the campus of Indiana State University in Terre Haute, Indiana, was a home of union leader Eugene V. Debs. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966. The museum is maintained by the Eugene V. Debs Foundation, a non-profit educational foundation.</p><br>
<p>Eugene V. Debs and his wife, Kate, built the two-story frame house in 1890, after their fifth wedding anniversary. Debs was criticized for the house not portraying working-class lifestyle; his wife was a beneficiary of her wealthy aunts will and could furnish the house affluently. Visitors to Debs house during his lifetime included friends James Whitcomb Riley and Carl Sandburg; one room in the house to this day is known as the Riley bedroom. When Debs died in 1926, a funeral sermon was given for him at the house, attended by 5000 people.</p><br>
<p>Original features of the house include the cobalt blue porcelain tile fireplace imported from Italy, the mahogany dining and parlor furniture, and the entire set of Haviland china. The house is also a museum, with many memorabilia of Debs life and some of his personal library, much of which is across the street at the library of Indiana State University. One room is covered by murals depicting Debs life.</p><br>
<p>After Debs&#39; death, the house would see different owners. One was a professor at Indiana State University. It was used as the Theta Chi fraternity house from 1948–1961, and briefly was let as apartments. In 1962 the home was bought by the Eugene V. Debs Foundation, which continues to own the house.. In 1965 it was made an official Indiana historic site by the Indiana General Assembly. In 1966 the home was made an official National Historic Landmark of the National Parks system of the Department of the Interior. Today the preservation of the property is monitored by the National Park Service. In 2004 it was removed from threatened status after sufficient repairs to the structure occurred to ensure its permanence.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Bailly Homestead, also known as Joseph Bailly Homestead and Cemetery, in Porter, Indiana, is a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Bailly Homestead is preserved by the National Park Service at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in Porter, Indiana. The Homestead was the home of Joseph Aubert de Gaspé Bailly de Messein, a fur trader, and his family. Bailly brought his family to the southern shore of Lake Michigan in 1822. The Homestead remained in the family until the death of his granddaughter, Frances Howe, in 1917. The Homestead is sometimes referred to as the “Bailly-Howe” Home.</p><br>
<p>The National Register properties consist of five historic buildings and a cemetery associated with the Bailly-Howe family and the late fur trade in northwestern Indiana. The Homestead was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962. The National Park Service acquired the Homestead on November 26, 1971. As a Landmark, it is in the First Order of Significance.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a 2 and half storey house begun in 1834.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Bailly acquired the Homestead and surrounding lands during the 1830s when the Calumet was opened to white settlement. When he died in 1835, the Homestead went to his wife. At her death in 1866, it went to their daughter Rose Bailly Howe. Rose Howe’s daughter Frances inherited the property in 1891 when Rose died. Frances offered the property to the Literary Society of St. Catherine of Sienna in 1914. The Society did not accept the gift.</p><br>
<p>At Frances Howe’s death (1917) the property was temporarily held by Louis G. Horne from September 1, to September 23, 1919. In September 1919, it was deeded to the School Sisters of Notre Dame of the Lake, Milwaukee, Wisconsin</p><br>
<h2>The Homestead</h2><br>
<p>Originally the Homestead included the house, and eight other structures to the west of the drive. There would also have been stables for the coach horses and phaeton.</p><br>
<h2>Bailly House</h2><br>
<p>Construction began shortly before 1835, the year of Joseph Bailly’s death. The house is 2½-stories built out of “hewn logs of cedar and oak, closely fitted, and pinned at the corners.” The house was then sided with lapped weather boards. After Joseph’s death, his daughter Ester Bailly Whistler’s family lived in the house and appeared to have made no changes. When they moved to Denver, Ester’s sister Rose Bailly Howe’s family assumed occupancy. Rose’s husband, Francis Howe, arranged to sell timber from the Homestead for the construction of a nearby railroad (for which he was an employee). Francis remodeled and installed a kitchen in the basement. After Francis Howe’s death, the husband of Hortense Bailly Wicker (Joel) took over management. He apparently did not modify the house.</p><br>
<p>Before her death, the widow Marie Bailly and her daughters, Rose Howe and Teresa, along with Rose’s two girls, returned. The house was in need of repairs. Minor repairs were completed before Marie’s death. After Marie Bailly’s death, the homestead was vacant from 1869 until about 1891. At that time, extensive work was done to replace floors and walls.</p><br>
<h3>Dining Room</h3><br>
<p>The Bailly’s held Mass in their home for years when circuit-riding priests (Roman Catholics) were traveling through. The family and any Indians in the area attended Mass. “Tradition holds that mass was celebrated from a makeshift altar - a table, placed in front of the dining room fireplace.”</p><br>
<p>The dining room had heaved eal flooring and whitewood ceilings and wood paneling. Peter G. Larson paneled the dining room and installed new flooring throughout the house for Mrs. Howe. His work was repaired by Mr. La Roche in the 1930s-1950s. The dining room occupies the western half of the first floor of the house, sharing the floor with the living room in its eastern half and a center hall. The dining room is as it was around 1910. An ornate mantelpiece was carved by Miss Cora Green, the daughter of a Chesterton physician.</p><br>
<h3>Living Room</h3><br>
<p>The east side of the house is occupied by the living room. The room is plaster walls with exposed ceiling beams (which may not be structurally needed). There is a fireplace at the center of the east wall.</p><br>
<p>The earliest descriptions are from about 1910. It is described ‘as a pleasant, light and lived-in room’. At that time, the ceiling may have been paneled and the fireplace faced with blue and white Delft tiles. Above the mantel, the fireplace was unfinished. Margaret Larsen recalled that Rose Howe had a sofa on the inside wall facing the fireplace. There was tapestry hanging behind the sofa.</p><br>
<h3>Conservatory</h3><br>
<p>Miss Howe had a conservatory off the living room. It was added on in 1910. It is a small rectangular room set below the main floor. It was designed to receive plenty of light.</p><br>
<h3>Hall and Porches</h3><br>
<p>A central hallway runs from the front porch to the back porch. The porches extend the entire width of the house on both the first and second floors.</p><br>
<h2>Two Storey Log House</h2><br>
<p>The two-storey log building to the north of the Chapel was the Bailly’s dairy house and tool shed. It is believed to have been built by Rose Howe after her return from Europe in 1874. A night-watchman lived on the ground floor.</p><br>
<h2>Storehouse</h2><br>
<p>Originally, larger, the existing storehouse was formed from the ‘good’ logs of an older trading structure used by Joseph Bailly.</p><br>
<h2>Chapel or Summer Kitchen</h2><br>
<p>Originally a two-story kitchen, this is where Joseph Bailly and his stepdaughter Theresa de la Vigne died. When the widow Marie Bailly returned in 1855, she chose this building as her home. The outside chimney had fallen and the space closed. She lived here until her death in 1866. From 1866 to 1869 Rose Bailly Howe and her daughters Rose and Frances held Sunday devotions in this building. Mrs. Howe commissioned a local carpenter to rebuild it into a chapel.</p><br>
<p>A new brick foundation was laid with wooden sills. Flooring from the kitchen’s second floor was reused for the chapel floor. The interior was plastered and the building completed by 1874. It remained unchanged until 1900 when materials from the main house were used for repairs. Materials from the parlor were used as that is where the family had held devotions before. This is when the apse was added. Whitewood from the parlor ceiling was used on the chapel ceiling. The building may have been moved northward about twenty-five feet.</p><br>
<p>While the Sisters of Notre Dame used the homestead, they did not use this chapel, but used a front bedroom on the second floor as a chapel. It then remained unused until 1946, when the new owner, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph LaRoche, rented it out as a residence. No additional alterations were made.</p><br>
<h2>Brick House</h2><br>
<p>To the southwest of the main house is the brick house. It was built in 1874 by Miss Rose Howe after her return from Europe. Miss Howe died in 1879, dating the construction 3–4 years earlier. The second floor was a studio and the ground floor was used as the kitchen.</p><br>
<h2>Bailly Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is three-quarters of a mile north on the edge of a sand ridge. The first recorded burial was Robert, the son of Joseph Bailly, in about 1827. Subsequently, the site has been considered a family graveyard. Burials of those outside the Bailly family are numerous. Today, they are all unmarked, including Swedish residents of the area. Outside the cemetery platform to the north there are eight recorded tombstones, two of which are older than 1827: Peter Carlbon, 1814; and Thomas B. Speer, 1817.</p><br>
<p>The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgans Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booths assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison.</p><br>
<p>In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of Gone with the Wind. Considered "the most influential Christian book of the nineteenth century," it has never gone out of print, and has been adapted for four films. In addition, Wallace worked as a lawyer, governor to New Mexico Territory, and ambassador to Turkey. His creative pursuits included a total of seven books: novels and biographies; art, inventing, and music.</p><br>
<p>Wallace was said to have built the study because he wanted "a pleasure-house for my soul," that would be "a detached room away from the world and its worries." Wallace died in his home on February 15, 1905. Upon his death, his family allowed the public to tour his study. In 1941 the city of Crawfordsville was given the property by a local civic organization, which purchased the property to donate it to the city.</p><br>
<p>Wallace&#39;s former house was mostly razed, with only its dining room, living room, and floored central hall remaining as part of a modern ranch-style house; it is not part of the National Register designation.</p><br>
<p>The carriage house opened in 2006 as the Carriage House Interpretive Center, and is now the launching point for visitor experiences. Formerly used by the Girl Scouts and the Camp Fire Girls,</p><br>
<p>it houses an exhibit that changes annually, gift shop, orientation video, offices and collection storage.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The study took three years to finish, from 1895 to 1898, and cost $25,000–$30,000 to build. Wallace built the eclectic structure with influence from Byzantine, Greek, and Romanesque styles. It is one-story and made of garnet-colored brick. The domed copper roof is 30 ft tall, with a cupola of copper, glass and steel protecting a large skylight over the main room. Bedford limestone, native to southern Indiana, was used for the porches and exterior trim. The limestone frieze, crowning the top of the walls, was hand-carved. A face in the center of the frieze on each side of the building represents characters from two of General Wallace’s books. On the tower is Princess Irene, on the back is the Prince of India, both from The Prince of India; to the east is Ben-Hur’s sister, Tirzah, and over the entry is Judah Ben-Hur, both from Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>When the city of Crawfordsville acquired the structure, it became known as the Ben-Hur Museum; it is officially called the General Lew Wallace Study & Museum. It still exhibits many of the 1,200 books Wallace owned. The furniture in the study is original, including the chair that Wallace used when writing his masterwork, Ben-Hur (which he completed long before building the study). Among the other artifacts in the collection are his military uniforms, artwork, musical instruments, and the fishing rod he invented. Art includes the portrait of the daughter of the sultan of Turkey, which he gave to Wallace in 1885. The annual exhibits in the Carriage House Interpretive Center highlight different facets of Wallace as a Renaissance man; previous exhibits include Collective Influence: The Wallace Women, Lew Wallace - Gentleman Scientist, and Embattled: General Wallace&#39;s Leadership in the Civil War. The 3.5 acre of land on which the study sits is a public park, and many use it as a place to picnic, walk dogs, and take family photographs amid the flower beds. In recent years it has seen increased use from geo-cachers searching for a cache on site.</p><br>
<p>Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge.</p><br>
<p>The Silk Covered Bridge is a covered bridge, carrying Silk Road across the Walloomsac River between downtown Bennington, Vermont and the village of North Bennington. A Town lattice truss bridge, it was built in 1840, and is one of three covered bridges across the river in fairly close proximity. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Silk Covered Bridge is located roughly midway between downtown Bennington and North Bennington, on Silk Road, which connects Vermont Route 67A and Vermont Route 279. The bridge has a relatively rural setting. It is oriented north-south across the west-flowing Walloomsac River. Its northern abutment is original stone slab, which has been faced in concrete, while the southern abutment is a reconstructed concrete structure. The bridge is a Town lattice truss, 88 ft long, with a single-lane roadway 15 ft wide. The sides of the bridge are clad in vertical boards, as are the insides of the portals, while the outside portal ends are finished in flush horizontal boards. In the center part of the bridge, the boards do not rise the full height of the truss.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was probably built in 1840 by Benjamin Sears, who was from a family of well-known bridge buildings in the region. The family is also credited with construction of the Paper Mill Village Bridge (1889), downriver a short way from this bridge; the Burt Henry Covered Bridge is also nearby, the three bridges all on a 2 mi stretch of the river.</p><br>
<p>On August 28, 2011 the Silk bridge was damaged by flood waters as a result of Hurricane Irene. The bridge was repaired and reopened.</p><br>
<p>Wallace Circus and American Circus Corporation Winter Quarters, also known as Peru Circus Farm or Valley Farms, is located in Peru, Indiana. It was associated with the Wallace Circus. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The site is now the home of the International Circus Hall of Fame, which honors important figures in circus history. The museum exhibits posters, wagons and models, including a miniature replica of the 1934 Hagenbeck Wallace Circus. The museum is open from May through October. The International Circus Hall of Fame also hosts the seasonal Big Top Circus, a professional circus with performers from around the world.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home of the Circus Hall of Fame had previously been in Florida. The Ringling Brothers Circus had established their winter quarters in Sarasota, Florida in 1927, with a large amount of help by Victor Sabattini (1916-2010), an insurance executive, who later became the president and chairman of the board. In the mid-1950s the idea to create a hall of fame to honor outstanding circus artists was conceived of by circus fans in the Sarasota community and in 1956 the Circus Hall of Fame opened. Located near the Sarasota airport, the Hall of Fame included exhibition space in several buildings filled with circus memorabilia, including personal effects from famous circus artists and impresarios – costumes, props, posters and circus wagons. In addition to the exhibits, the Circus Hall of Fame presented circus acts several times a day, during several months each year.</p><br>
<p>In addition to visits by Florida tourists, the Circus Hall of Fame received national exposure. NBC-TV broadcast "The Circus Hall of Fame All Star Circus" on Sept. 12, 1970. The host, Ed McMahon, conveyed congratulations to the four newly named inductees to the Circus Hall of Fame for 1970 including famous circus performers, The Rieffenach Sisters (bareback riders), aerialists Mayme Ward and Ira Millette, and circus impresario Billy Smart Sr.</p><br>
<p>Although up to 80,000 tourists visited the Circus Hall of Fame each year, by the late 1970s it was unprofitable and the owners prepared to close the museum. In 1980 the lease on the property expired and on May 27, 1980, the Sarasota Circus Hall of Fame had its last performance.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 a group of citizens from Peru, Indiana, learned that the effects of the Circus Hall of Fame were for sale. Interested in preserving the circus artifacts and concerned that they might be auctioned off separately, Indiana residents, businesses and the state government contributed to the purchase of the entire collection to bring it to Peru, Indiana. Many other items have since been added to the original Sarasota collection, including 16 historical wagons reconstructed in the Hall of Fame wagon shop and the Peru Wagon Works Shop.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent inductees</h2><br>
<p>1958 Lillian Leitzel</p><br>
<p>1960 William C. Coup</p><br>
<p>1960 James Anthony Bailey</p><br>
<p>1960 P. T. Barnum</p><br>
<p>1961 Bird Millman</p><br>
<p>1961 The Ringling Brothers</p><br>
<p>1962 Dan Rice</p><br>
<p>1963 Adam Forepaugh</p><br>
<p>1963 May Wirth</p><br>
<p>1963 Victor Pépin</p><br>
<p>1964 Isaac Van Amburgh</p><br>
<p>1964 Philip Astley</p><br>
<p>1965 Clyde Beatty</p><br>
<p>1966 Con Colleano</p><br>
<p>1969 Mabel Stark</p><br>
<p>1970 Billy Smart Sr.</p><br>
<p>1971 Karl King</p><br>
<p>1972 Felix Adler</p><br>
<p>1972 George A. Hamid Sr.</p><br>
<p>1973 Otto Griebling</p><br>
<p>1974 Buffalo Bill Cody</p><br>
<p>1974 Tom Mix</p><br>
<p>1975 Merle Evans</p><br>
<p>1975 The Zacchini Brothers</p><br>
<p>1977 William Preston Hall</p><br>
<p>1979 The Wallenda Troupe</p><br>
<p>1980 Mollie Bailey</p><br>
<p>1981 The Albert Hodgini Troupe</p><br>
<p>1986 John Ringling North</p><br>
<p>1987 Irvin Feld</p><br>
<p>1987 Bertram Mills</p><br>
<p>1989 Lou Jacobs</p><br>
<p>1994 Emmett Kelly</p><br>
<p>1996 Knie family</p><br>
<p>1997 Annie Oakley</p><br>
<p>1997 Thomas Taplin Cooke</p><br>
<p>1999 Gunther Gebel-Williams</p><br>
<p>2001 Elvin Bale</p><br>
<p>2003 Hugo Zacchini</p><br>
<p>2005 Miles White</p><br>
<p>2006 Kenneth Feld</p><br>
<p>2006 Francis Brunn</p><br>
<p>2009 Cecil B. DeMille</p><br>
<p>2009 Paul Binder</p><br>
<p>2010 Henry Ringling North</p><br>
<p>2011 Norman Barrett</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Bennington, also known as the Old First Church, is a historic church at 1 Monument Circle in Old Bennington, Vermont. The congregation was organized in 1762 and the current meeting house was built in 1805. The building, one of the state&#39;s best examples of Federal period religious architecture, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old First Church occupies a prominent position facing the green in the center of Old Bennington, at the junction of Monument Avenue and Church Lane near the southern end of the green. It is a two story rectangular wood frame structure, with a projecting entry vestibule and multi-stage tower. The gabled roof has a modillioned eave, and the exterior is finished in wooden clapboards with quoined corners. The entry vestibule is also gabled, with two round-arch entrances flanking a larger central entrance, which is topped by a rounded transom and gable. The second level of the vestibule has a large Palladian window with broken pediment above, and there is a half-round window in the pediment above. The tower has pilastered corners, with a smaller Palladian window in the first stage, an open second stage octagonal belfry, and an octagonal cupola at the top.</p><br>
<p>The church congregation was organized in 1762, and its first meetinghouse was built in 1766. Due to increased participation, this building, with a seating capacity of six hundred fifty, was built in 1805, funded by the sale of pews and local levies. It was designed by builder Lavius Fillmore, who apparently borrowed heavily from Plate 35 of Asher Benjamins The Country Builders Assistant.</p><br>
<h3>Old Bennington Cemetery</h3><br>
<p>The adjacent cemetery Old Bennington Cemetery, also known as Old First Church Cemetery or Old First Congregational Church Cemetery, was designated by the Vermont legislature as "Vermont&#39;s Sacred Acre".</p><br>
<p>Paos  is a village and a community in Achaea, Greece. It was the seat of the municipality of Paion. In 2011 its population was 253 for the village and 298 for the community, which includes the villages Dechounaiika , Palaios Paos , Potamia  and Vesini . It is 25 km southwest of Kalavryta, and 50 km northwest of Tripoli. The Greek National Road 33  passes through the village.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The location of the ancient city Paos has been found near the modern village, of which the remainder remains to be excavated. Ancient artifacts and remains of the walls have been found. It had a perimeter of 516 m, and had an almost triangular shape with its point facing west with its acropolis in the middle and some ancient buildings to the south, its springs used to be to the northeast with an aqueduct north of the old city. It was said that Euphorion from Paos gave lodging to the Dioscuri, and ever since kept open house for all men. Paos in later years annexed with the neighboring Kleitor. Pausanias wrote that Paos was a ruined settlement near the city of Seirai.</p><br>
<p>The Charlotte Forten Grimké House is a historic house at 1608 R Street NW in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Northwest Washington, D.C., United States. From 1881 to 1886, the house was home to Charlotte Forten Grimké , an African-American abolitionist and educator, one of the first Northerners to enter Union-controlled areas of the South during the American Civil War in order to teach freedmen and their children. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Charlotte Forten Grimké House is located northeast of Dupont Circle, on the south side of R Street roughly midway between 16th and 17th Streets. It is a two-story masonry row house, built out of red brick. It is two bays wide, with a single-story polygonal bay on the left and entrance on the right. The door is topped by a transom window framed by a bracketed hood. The bay, main roof line, and entrance hood all have a heavy modillioned cornice. Windows on both levels are set in segmental-arch openings with soldier brick headers. The building&#39;s construction date is not known. It was home to Charlotte Forten Grimké and her husband, Rev. Francis Grimké, from 1881 to 1885.</p><br>
<p>Charlotte Forten was born to wealthy African Americans in Philadelphia in 1838, and was steeped in abolitionist activity from an early age. In 1855 she completed training at a normal school and became a teacher and abolitionist activist. She wrote articles for William Lloyd Garrisons Liberator, the leading anti-slavery publication of the day. During the American Civil War she was chosen to teach former slaves in the South, on the Sea Islands of South Carolina as part of the "Port Royal Experiment". Following the Civil War, she was known as a supporter of womens rights, including suffrage; and as a teacher and writer. In 1894 she was co-founder of the Colored Women&#39;s League. She published poetry expressing her activism before the war. Her journals, reprinted in the 1980s, are significant as works by a free black woman in the antebellum North.</p><br>
<p>In 1878 Forten married Francis Grimké, brother to the activist Grimké sisters. The couple resided at this house from 1881 to 1885, when Francis was pastor at the 15th Street Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>Huilua Fishpond, in Ahupuaa O Kahana State Park on windward Oʻahu, is one of the few surviving ancient Hawaiian fishponds that were still operational well into the 20th century. It was declared a USA National Historic Landmark in 1962, shortly after it had been severely damaged by the 1960 tsunami. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on L: December 29, 1962.</p><br>
<p>The fishpond may have started as a sandbar where ocean currents met the stream mouth. A 500 ft permeable rock seawall (called kuapā in Hawaiian) was added along the shoreline to enclose about 7 acre of fertile brackish water. The wall was about 4 ft wide and stood about 4 ft above high tide, with two lashed-pole gates (called mākāhā) that allowed little fish in but kept bigger fish from escaping. The name Huilua, which can be translated join-twice, may refer to the two gates. The favorite type of fish in the pond were amaama (mullet), which reproduce in the ocean but can live in either fresh, brackish, or salt water.</p><br>
<p>Many Hawaiian fishponds were built about 400 to 600 years ago. They were especially numerous in large expanses of shallow sea, such as Kāneʻohe Bay and Pearl Harbor. Each fishpond had a pondkeeper (kiai loko) who lived nearby and oversaw its maintenance. Sam Pua Haaheo was the pondkeeper for Huilua from 1924, just after the 1923 tsunami, until 1946, when another tsunami hit. The fishpond suffered further tsunami damage in 1957 and 1960. The most recent restoration work began in 1993 as a cooperative project between the State Park service and Friends of Kahana, an organization of local residents.</p><br>
<p>Derham Hall and Our Lady of Victory Chapel are administrative and religious buildings, respectively, at St. Catherine University in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.</p><br>
<p>Derham Hall is the first building on St. Catherine University, formerly known as the College of St. Catherine. It was named for Hugh Derham of Rosemount, Minnesota, who donated $20,000 to construct the building. Derhamn Hall originally housed Derham Hall High School, an all-girls Catholic high school, until 1962; that school later merged to become Cretin-Derham Hall High School in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Derham Hall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, with Our Lady of Victory Chapel, in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Our Lady of Victory Chapel was completed in 1924, under the direction of Mother Antonia McHugh, who helped found St. Catherine in 1905 and served as its leader for more than 30 years. The Chapel was dedicated on October 7, 1924, and rededicated following renovation on May 1, 1958. It was designed by H.A. Sullwold in the Romanesque style and influenced by the Church of St. Trophime in Arles, Provence, France.</p><br>
<p>The entrance features friezes depicting Christ, the Twelve Apostles and the Universitys patron saint, St. Catherine of Alexandria. The statues of the saints are a kind of Who’s Who of St. Catherine University (also known as St. Kates) circa 1924. St. Anthony of Padua is there to evoke Mother Antonia herself; the image of St. Augustine of Canterbury honors Austin Dowling, the Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis in 1924. St. Joseph is present in his role as patron of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, and St. John recalls the great John Ireland, the archbishop presiding when St. Kates was first conceived. St. Teresa of Avila is there because the Sisters of St. Joseph, founders of St. Kates, became a congregation on her feast day. Thérèse of Lisieux is on the portal because Mother Antonia was passionate about the cause of her canonization. (Thérèse became a saint just a year after the Chapel was completed.)</p><br>
<p>The stained-glass panel behind the altar depicts Christ the King. The ornate tile designs throughout the Chapel reflect symbols of Christianity and the humanities. The barrel vault ceiling reaches a height of 126 ft.</p><br>
<p>Our Lady of Victory offers sacred liturgy and a place for reflection and prayer. In addition to St. Catherine University&#39;s Opening Mass of the Holy Spirit and Baccalaureate liturgy and hooding ceremony, annual events include Advent Vespers, major feast celebrations, and initiation rituals for social work, physical therapy and nursing students.</p><br>
<p>Duke of York Bay is an arm of Foxe Basin, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in northeastern Southampton Island. The bay is directly south of the southern end of White Island, with Comer Strait at the western entrance and Falcon Strait at the eastern entrance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sir William Edward Parry and his crew gave the bay its name on 17 August 1821 during his second voyage for the discovery of a Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, in honour of Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, having first entered the bay the day before, 16 August 1821, the Duke&#39;s birthday.</p><br>
<p>In January 1996, Duke of York Bay was selected by delegates from across Nunavut as the site of the first bowhead whale hunt in Nunavut&#39;s waters. When the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board switched the location to Repulse Bay the following month, the community of Coral Harbour, south of Duke of York Bay, was angered with the decision. Some thought it was politically motivated, others said that elders felt the ice conditions and strong currents in the bay would make for a difficult beaching.</p><br>
<p>Lake Burrumbeet is a large but shallow eutrophic lake in central western Victoria, Australia. Located 20 km west of Ballarat and 140 km west of Melbourne, the lake has been progressively emptying since 1997 and was declared completely dry in 2004. It has however in recent years refilled because of good rainfalls, making water sports in the lake once again possible, with recreational jet skiing and boating taking place in the winter of 2010. The lake is a major wetland for the region because of its size and is utilised as a recreational area for boating, fishing and camping.</p><br>
<p>Burrumbeet is the largest of four shallow lakes in the Ballarat region covering approximately 24 km&sup2;. The lake reserve is of important historical significance as many Aboriginal camp sites and areas of geological interest are located around its foreshore.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features and hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The lake is a large open water body with a surface area of approximately 24 km&sup2;. Burrumbeet Creek is the main input to the lake with some other catchment areas to the north and south. The flow of the creek is supplemented by a release of 2,000 ML of treated waste water per year from the Ballarat North Treatment Plant. The lake outlet is situated in the south-west shore of the lake and flows into Baillie Creek, which is a tributary of Hopkins River. The outlet is controlled by a series of boards which are raised or lowered depending on water levels. The lake is characterised by a sand and mud bottom with rock outcrops.</p><br>
<p>Surrounded by grazing land the lake has suffered from a rise in salinity levels due to abnormally dry conditions. This is reflected also by a fall in lake levels. High nutrient levels and algal blooms occur in the lake from time to time. The lake is often discoloured and has seasonal changes in turbidity levels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before European settlement the area around Lake Burrumbeet was inhabited and frequented by the Burrumbeet balug clan of the Wada wurrung people. The area would have provided a good source of food, particularly short-finned eel. The name Burrumbeet derives from the local aboriginal word burrumbidj meaning muddy or dirty water. Some artifacts and tools have been found on the northern edge of the lake in the past.</p><br>
<p>European settlement came in 1838 when Thomas Learmonth and his brother took up the Ercildoun squatting run to the north of the lake. William Bramwell Withers recounting in his "History of Ballarat" describes hot days and freezing cold nights, so much so, that the early pioneers camping place, near Burrumbeet, was named Mt Misery. In the next year, 1839, the bed of Lake Burrumbeet was quite dry, and it remained so for several succeeding summers when Mrs Andrew Scott drove across the dry lake bed in 1840. In 1944 it was reported that the lake had again completely dried up.</p><br>
<p>On 21 October 1965, a Ballarat Aero Club Cessna plunged into the lake with a pilot and three passengers on board. Two people were killed when the plane crashed 1.5 km from shore. The bodies and most of the plane&#39;s wreckage were removed from the lake in the days following the crash. With the lake recently being dry the remaining wreckage was only discovered and is believed to have since been souvenired.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Burrumbeet is one of the most productive redfin perch waterways in Victoria, with fish to 2.5 kg and is very popular with anglers. Short-finned eel to 1 kg, roach to 350 g, tench to 1.35 kg, goldfish, flat-headed gudgeon, Australian smelt and European carp are found here. The lake is occasionally stocked with rainbow trout when conditions are suitable and at those times, it provides a very good trout fishery. The lake is also fished commercially for short-finned eel. Birdlife such as black swan are common.</p><br>
<p>There is little vegetation remaining of value around the lake due to the intensive agricultural methods used since settlement. However, there are stands of river red gum near the mouth of Burrumbeet creek estimated to be over 500 years old. The current drought conditions has created an environment suitable for unwanted vegetation to grow on the lake bed, in particular, Agrostis Avenacea, commonly known as fairy grass or tumble weed. When dry, this type of grass produces a seed head that becomes wind blown and can become a nuisance value and a fire hazard due to it gathering in wind drifts.</p><br>
<p>Hokukano-Ualapue Complex is a National Historic Landmarked pre-contact archaeological site on several properties adjacent to Hawaii Route 450 in Ualapue, on Molokaʻi island.</p><br>
<p>This site includes six heiaus and two fishponds. The complex is one of the most important collections of native Hawaiian sites in Hawaiʻi.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Iliili'ōpae Heiau</h2><br>
<p>The largest and most impressive of the six heiau in the complex is Iliiliōpae&#39;, the largest heiau on Molokai and the second largest in all Hawaii. It consists of four tiers, rising to a stone platform measuring 287 feet by 87 feet. It is located half a mile north of Highway 450, and can be reached by a track up the Mahulepu valley from the highway near milepost 15.</p><br>
<p>According to legend Iliili&#39;ōpae Heiau was constructed in a single night with boulders passed from hand to hand along a chain of menehune from the Wailau valley on the north shore. A hiking trail from the temple to Wailau has now fallen into disuse and is overgrown.</p><br>
<p>Blackjack Mountain is a scenic landmark, located in the very southwest corner of Carroll County, Georgia on the Georgia-Alabama border and Heard County line. The nearest city is Ephesus, Georgia, 2.2 mi to the south.</p><br>
<p>While not an impressive mountain the summit is one of the higher points in Georgia south of Interstate 20. Blackjack Mountain is a long north-south trending ridge. The Native Americans used this promontory as a reference point on their East-West trading path and are believed to have used the summit for sacred ceremonies.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>In 2003, Carroll County earmarked about $19 million for land conservation, parks and recreation. Blackjack Mountain was a high land conservation priority. In early 2005, the Trust for Public Land (TPL) helped the county protect Blackjack Mountain. The acquisition of Blackjack Mountain will protect a very scenic viewshed and preserve over 312 acre of pines and mixed hardwoods, two small lakes, several small tributaries, a federally designated wetland and a valuable wildlife habitat.</p><br>
<p>Blackjack is named for all of the Blackjack oaks that grow on it.</p><br>
<p>The Cook Landing Site in Waimea on Kauai island in Hawaii, is where Captain James Cook landed at the mouth of the Waimea River on January 20, 1778. Cook was the first European reported to have sighted the Hawaiian Islands, and the January 20 landfall on southwestern Kauai was his first arrival upon Hawaiian soil. Cook Landing Site was registered as a National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962. Hofgaard Park is a small county park in Waimea, a few blocks from the actual landing, that commemorates the historic events of Cook&#39;s landing.</p><br>
<p>It is suspected that the land has actually grown since 1778 due to deposition of sediment, so the exact spot is unknown. A small plaque was erected by Kauai County in 1928 which maintains a small county park.</p><br>
<p>The landing site is accessible via Lucy Wright Park. Across the river Russian Fort Elizabeth is preserved in a state park.</p><br>
<p>Kamakahonu, the residence of Kamehameha I, was located at the north end of Kailua Bay in Kailua-Kona on Hawaiʻi Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kamehameha I (also known as Kamehameha the Great), who unified the Hawaiian Islands, lived out the last years of his life and instituted some of the most constructive measures of his reign (1810–19) here. The residential compound included the personal shrine, Ahuena heiau, of the King. The name means "temple of the burning altar" in the Hawaiian Language.</p><br>
<p>His son, the crown prince Liholiho, also lived here, taking the name Kamehameha II. In December 1819, Kalanimoku led an army from here to put down the rebellion of his nephew Kekuaokalani, in the Kuamoo Battle, a few miles to the South.</p><br>
<p>A battery of 18 cannon and large stone walls protected the fortress-like enclosure around several houses.</p><br>
<p>Island Governor "John Adams" Kuakini lived at Kamakahonu. He governed the island when the king was away on state affairs to another island and later when the capitol was moved to Lahaina on the island of Maui in 1820.</p><br>
<p>He later built a more modern house called Hulihee Palace on the other side of the beach for entertaining visitors.</p><br>
<p>The bay was called Kaiakeakua in ancient times meaning "sea of the god", but is now called Kailua Bay.</p><br>
<p>The name ka maka honu means "the turtle eye" in the Hawaiian Language, after a rock in the shape of a turtle that was located to the left of the present beach.</p><br>
<p>It was here, within a year of the Kamehameha&#39;s death, that the first American Christian missionaries to the Hawaii arrived on April 4, 1820.</p><br>
<p>The rock where Asa Thurston and Hiram Bingham I landed was later called the "Plymouth Rock of Hawaii".</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The point to the north was called Kūkailimoku, which means Kū, the thief of the islands, was named for the war god Kū honored by Kamehameha I. It is now the site of the Kailua lighthouse.</p><br>
<p>The property is now part of King Kamehameha&#39;s Kona Beach Hotel; none of the houses or walls remain. Ahuena heiau was reconstructed in the 1970s and can be viewed, but not entered. Some artifacts can be viewed in the hotel lobby, including a feather cloak and helmet (mahiole). The small sandy beach provides a protected beach for launching canoes, and children swimming. The first Hotel was built here in 1950, and the current one constructed in 1975. In 2009, the hotel was renovated, and a museum and cultural center added.</p><br>
<p>The famous rock was covered over by construction of the pier, and much of the beach was destroyed to construct a seawall for Alii drive in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Cattle pens on the pier were used until 1966. When the deeper harbor was built at Kawaihae cargo traffic moved there.</p><br>
<p>This area is the start and finish of the Ironman World Championship Triathlon.</p><br>
<p>Seven Chimneys, also known as the Nicholas Zabriskie House, was built between 1745 and 1750 by Nicholas Zabriskie, an early Dutch settler in the Hudson Valley. It is the oldest house in Washington Township, Bergen County, New Jersey. The house was used as a stop on the Underground Railroad. Seven Chimneys was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Seven Chimneys was built between 1745 and 1750 by Nicholas Zabriskie, and was part of a 500 acre farm. The house is noted on the Erkine maps used by George Washington’s army. For its first 158 years, Seven Chimneys remained part of the Zabriskie and extended Zabriskie family, claiming the Ackermans, Harings, and Van Emburghs as its residents, all prominent families in the area and in local history.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, William B. Howland, publisher of the Independent and Outlook. purchased Seven Chimneys as his country house. During the summers 1915 to 1917, Theodore Roosevelt visited, where he stayed in the west wing and wrote articles for Howland’s publications.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, Willie Curtis Foster purchased Seven Chimneys from William Howland’s son. For the next 45 years, Seven Chimneys was a working farm.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, the Fosters sold Seven Chimneys to the Reid construction company, which built the neighborhood around it. The neighborhood’s cul-de-sac, Chimney Ridge Court, is named after the distinct seven chimneys of the home.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, Francis and Mary Burde purchased Seven Chimneys and lived there until 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Seven Chimneys is one of a dozen or so remaining examples of the original Dutch settler style located throughout the Hudson Valley region of New Jersey and lower New York state.</p><br>
<p>The foundation of Seven Chimneys is built of rough stone and lime mortar. The handcut beam frame of the original house is constructed without nails, utilizing pegged mortise and tenon joints. The exterior is constructed of hand-chiseled Hudson River sandstone. Typical of the Dutch construction of this time period, the stone is cut and finished on three sides, and unfinished, rough sandstone on the north. The north and south entrances feature matching split Dutch doors. Interior lath walls are finished with horse hair and plaster. Floors are random, original growth pine ranging from 12 to 22 in in width fastened with handmade square nails. In 1770, the left and right wings were added. In 1812, the second story was added, which might explain its Federal style roof line, uncommon to Dutch houses of this period.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, a great room addition to the east wing was added, joining the detached slave kitchen to the rest of the house.</p><br>
<p>Outbuildings at Seven Chimneys include a working wellhouse and 300 ft well, and a smokehouse thought to have been built sometime in the late 17th or early 18th century.</p><br>
<p>Kaunolū Village Site is located on the south coast of the island of Lānaʻi. This former fishing village, abandoned in the 1880s, is the largest surviving ruins of a prehistoric Hawaiian village. The archaeological site is very well preserved and covers almost every phase of Hawaiian culture. It was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in 1962 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The site consists of two historical villages straddling Kaunolū Gulch, a dry stream bed subject to occasional flash floods after rainstorms at higher elevations. The village on the western side was named Kaunolū; the one on the eastern side was called Keāliakapu. The land is parched, with little fresh water, but the sheltered bay at the end of the gulch offers access to rich fishing in the deep seas below the high cliffs along the south coast of the island. Ancient Hawaiian bone lures used to troll for pelagic fish were found in Ulaula Cave, a small lava tube near the village.</p><br>
<p>King Kamehameha I frequently enjoyed fishing here. His house platform lies directly across the gulch from Halulu Heiau, high on the edge of a cliff above the bay. Between 1778 and 1810, he is said to have held ceremonies at this heiau (probably a luakini war/sacrifice heiau). During the late 18th century, Maui high chief Kahekili, a rival of Kamehameha, also used to visit here. Near the heiau is a notch in the cliff called Kahekili&#39;s Leap, where he is said to have ordered his warriors to dive into the sea below to prove their courage.</p><br>
<p>Shadyside Presbyterian Church is a large congregation of the Presbyterian Church  in an historic part of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Located at the corner of Amberson Avenue and Westminster Place in the Shadyside neighborhood, Shadyside Presbyterian Church was founded in 1866 as a congregation in the Presbyterian Church in the USA and has enjoyed a long history of local, national, and global recognition for its outreach and service.</p><br>
<p>The Shadyside church building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a prime example of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture. It was completed in 1890 to designs of American architectural firm Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, the successor firm to H.H. Richardson&#39;s own office.</p><br>
<p>Between 2003 and 2012, the congregation had as its senior pastor, the Rev. Dr. M. Craig Barnes, noted author and speaker, and professor at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, until his election as president of Princeton Theological Seminary. The Rev. Dr. Conrad C. Sharps was called as senior pastor in 2014. It was here, in 1933 that the now global practice of celebrating World Communion Sunday on the first Sunday in October was originated. It also was the first church anywhere to pioneer regular radio broadcasts of its worship, on KDKA, the first commercially licensed radio station in the United States, and was the first church to broadcast worship to both the North Pole and to the South Pole.</p><br>
<p>The Bank Building was a historic commercial building located at 40-44 South Street, in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. Until its destruction by fire in 2013, it was the best-preserved of Uxbridge&#39;s 19th century commercial buildings. It was built in 1895-6, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bank Building was located near the southern end of Uxbridge&#39;s commercial center, on the east side of South Main Street roughly opposite Town Hall. It was three stories in height, built out of red brick with granite, wooden, and cast iron trim elements. It was covered by a low-pitch hip roof with an unadorned cornice above an entablature. The ground floor consisted of two storefronts flanking a central building entrance, where each storefront had a recessed entrance flanked by plate glass display windows. At either end of these windows were cast iron columns with Corinthian capitals. The first floor was separated from the second by a wooden cornice and granite stringcourse. The upper floors were divided into seven bays, articulated by brick piers. Some of the bays had single sash windows, while the others had two. Decorative brickwork panels separated the second and third-floor windows.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1895-6, and housed commercial storefronts on the ground floor, offices on the second, and a large meeting space on the third floor. Its first tenants were the Blackstone National Bank and the Uxbridge Savings Bank, who had both previously occupied the Capron Building, which burned in 1896. The building was essentially destroyed and then razed following a July 2013 fire.</p><br>
<p>The Israel Southwick House is an historic house located at 76 Mendon Street , in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. The story wood frame house was built c. 1860-65, and is a good local example of Italianate styling, with Queen Anne elements added c. 1890. The main facade is three bays, with a center entry that has an elaborate colonnaded porch with a gable front roof. Above the entry is a Palladian window with a small half-round window surmounting the central of three relatively narrow windows. There is a gable-roof dormer with three windows above. To the left of the entry is a single story porch that has been enclosed, and a rounded corner porch extends to the right of the entry.</p><br>
<p>On October 7, 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, where it is listed at 70 Mendon Street.</p><br>
<p>The Cape May Historic District is an area of 380 acre with over 600 buildings in the resort town of Cape May, Cape May County, New Jersey. The city claims to be America&#39;s first seaside resort and has numerous buildings in the Late Victorian style, including the Eclectic, Stick, and Shingle styles, as well as the later Bungalow style. According to National Park Service architectural historian Carolyn Pitts, "Cape May has one of the largest collections of late 19th century frame buildings left in the United States... that give it a homogeneous architectural character, a kind of textbook of vernacular American building."</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The City of Cape May sits at the south end of Cape May Peninsula which divides the Atlantic Ocean from the Delaware Bay. Cape May Point, about two miles west of the City of Cape May, borders the Bay, while Cape May City borders the Ocean. Cape Island Creek, a tidal "creek" and marsh, originally divided the site of the city from the rest of Cape May, but its southern end has long been covered with landfill. The Cape May Canal, built in 1942, now divides both Cape May City and Cape May Point from the rest of the peninsula.</p><br>
<h2>History of Cape May</h2><br>
<p>Cape May was first discovered by Europeans by Henry Hudson on August 28, 1609. He landed on the shore of Delaware Bay a few miles north of Cape May Point before returning to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Mey explored the area further in 1621 for the Dutch West India Company and by May, 1630 Samuel Godyn and Samuel Blommaert bought land for the Dutch from Native Americans covering the southern four miles of the Cape.</p><br>
<p>In 1632 the Dutch established a fishing and whaling settlement in the area, but by 1638 colonists from New England had moved in. By the 1660s the English gained control and Daniel Coxe, a London Quaker, organized a government in 1687.</p><br>
<p>Early settlers worked in the lumber, shipbuilding, whaling, fishing and shellfish industries. A road along the coast built in 1796 helped establish the hamlet of Cape May.</p><br>
<p>The early emergence of Cape May as a summer resort was due to easy transport by water from Philadelphia to the Atlantic Ocean. Early Cape May vacationers were carried to the town on sloops from Philadelphia, and water transport was also easy from New York, Baltimore, Washington, D.C. and points south. Southerners later became a large proportion of summer vacationers. The resort business in Cape May began to thrive when regular steamboat traffic on the Delaware River began after the War of 1812, carrying passengers from Philadelphia and New Castle, Delaware. Commodore Stephen Decatur made his summer home at the Atlantic Hotel about this time. The predecessor of the Congress Hall Hotel was opened in 1816 by Thomas Hughes. It took its current name in 1828, when Hughes was elected to Congress. In 1830 a visitor wrote that</p><br>
<p>Early visitors included Henry Clay in 1847, and Abraham Lincoln in 1849. Serving Presidents who visited included Franklin Pierce (1855), James Buchanan (1858), Ulysses Grant (1873), Chester Arthur (1883), and Benjamin Harrison (1889). Harrison made Congress Hall his Summer White House. From the 1850s through the 1880s up to 3,000 visitors arrived each day during the summer season. Newport, Rhode Island, Saratoga Springs, New York and Long Branch, New Jersey were the towns main rivals in the summer resort business, as Cape Mays reputation rose and fell with the whims of fashion.</p><br>
<p>During the 1850s summer cottages were first built and the construction of large hotels continued. Thomas U. Walter, the Architect of the Capitol, designed an addition to the Columbia Hotel. The Mount Vernon Hotel, which was designed to be the largest hotel in the world burned down in 1856, however, before its completion. Competition from Atlantic City appeared in 1854 with the construction of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad. Cape May was not connected to Philadelphia by rail until the completion of the Cape May & Millville Railroad in the mid-1860s.</p><br>
<p>Architect Stephen Decatur Button began designing buildings in Cape May in 1863 when he remodeled and expanded the Columbia Hotel. During the next thirty years he designed over forty buildings in the town. His best known buildings there include the John McCreary House (1869–70), Jackson&#39;s Clubhouse (1872), the Stockton Cottages (1872), the Windsor Hotel (1879) and the Atlantic Terrace Houses (1891–92). Plans for the George Allen House are believed to have been taken from a pattern book by Samuel Sloan. Architect Frank Furness is believed to have designed the Emlen Physick Estate, but may have otherwise visited Cape May only as a vacationer. Otherwise most of the buildings were built and designed by local builders in the vernacular style, borrowing from older buildings, pattern books and fashionable architects alike.</p><br>
<p>Several fires destroyed portions of the town and the mostly wooden, frame-built houses. The fire of 1878 destroyed about half the town, but many buildings were quickly rebuilt. This fire gave a particular boost to Buttons career, and many of the local builders appear to have copied Buttons style at this time.</p><br>
<p>From about 1900-1920 larger bungalows and mansions were built, especially on Beach Avenue on the eastern end of town. Having lost its transportation advantage with the coming of the railroad and the automobile, Cape May fell out of fashion as a popular resort. Atlantic City became the popular New Jersey beach resort in the 1920s and in the 1950s and 1960s the automobile-oriented Wildwoods, just north of Cape May, became a strong competitor, with its own distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and then listed as a National Historic Landmark District in 1976. The NRHP nomination form does not include an inventory of the buildings in the district, but rather refers to about 20 buildings that were documented by drawings or photographs by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS). HABS now lists about 70 buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historians George E. Thomas and Carl Doebley list 100 significant buildings in their 1976 book Cape May, Queen of the Seaside Resorts: Its History and Architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Selected contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Contributing properties in the district include the following. Construction dates may be approximate. T&D reference gives the reference number from George E. Thomas and Carl Doebleys book with Roman numerals indicating the more significant buildings, and Arabic numerals the less significant buildings. Both lists are ordered by approximate date of construction. HABS reference links to the buildings page in the Historic American Buildings Survey at the Library of Congress.</p><br>
<p>Brea City Hall and Park, in Brea, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Brea City Hall, designed by architect Allen Ruott, is Art Deco in styling and was built in 1928. It included a public library. A bathhouse and swimming pool and the surrounding park were also all designed by Ruott, as a unit. According to the NRHP nomination, the "use by Ruoff in the 1920&#39;s of Art Deco/Spanish Revival styling for civic architecture constitutes a major landmark in the small-scale urban environment of Brea and Orange County."</p><br>
<p>The park, pool and city hall were funded by a $60,000 bond approved by the municipality in an October 1927 special election.</p><br>
<p>An American Legion Hall, built in 1931, is another contributing building in the listing.</p><br>
<p>The pool, called the "plunge", is a 25-meter municipal pool.</p><br>
<p>Brea was incorporated in 1917 and then had 732 citizens.</p><br>
<p>The facilities served, among others, oil field workers and their families who lived in an adjacent neighborhood developed in the 1920s by the Union Oil Company.</p><br>
<p>The William Jennings Bryan House, also known as Fairview, is a historic house built in 1902–03 in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. It is noteworthy as the home of William Jennings Bryan , and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963.</p><br>
<p>Five acres of the adjoining property was the original site of Bryan Memorial Hospital, now owned by Bryan Health System, which also owns Fairview. The home was restored in 1994. The upper two floors house the Wm. Jennings Bryan Institute, which consists of three centers: the Center for Bioethics, the Center for Advancing Nursing Practice and the Center for Quality.</p><br>
<p>The lower level of Fairview is open to the public and features the Bryan Museum, as well as rooms furnished to depict the family’s life during the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>Maitland Volcano is a heavily eroded shield volcano that resides in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is located southeast of the small community of Telegraph Creek in what is now the Klappan Range of the northern Skeena Mountains. This multi-vent volcano covered a remarkably large area and was topped by a younger volcanic edifice. Little remains of Maitland Volcano today, limited only to eroded lava flows and distinctive upstanding landforms created when magma hardened within the vents of the volcano.</p><br>
<p>The shield is associated with an extensive group of related volcanoes called the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province (NCVP). This forms part of the much larger Ring of Fire, which surrounds most of the Pacific Ocean basin. Geologic studies have shown that Maitland was a comparatively short-lived volcano. It had volcanic activity for less than a million years, a time span unique from other massive NCVP shields. The volcano is known to have produced at least four types of lava, namely alkali basalt, hawaiite, trachyte and trachybasalt. These have been studied by scientists since the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Maitland Volcano was one of the most voluminous shield volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province along with Heart Peaks, Level Mountain and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Its structure was about long and wide, covering an area of at least. This is similar in size to the Mount Edziza complex approximately west of Maitland Volcano. Like most shields, Maitland consisted of several basaltic lava flows which have low viscosity. This gave the volcano its massive profile and consequently Maitland might have had a broad lava plateau like other large NCVP shields.</p><br>
<p>Like other Northern Cordilleran volcanoes, Maitland Volcano had its origins in continental rifting—a long rupture in the Earth&#39;s crust where the lithosphere is being pulled apart. This incipient rifting formed as a result of the Pacific Plate sliding northward along the Queen Charlotte Fault, on its way to the Aleutian Trench. As the continental crust stretched, the near surface rocks fractured along steeply dipping cracks parallel to the rift known as faults. Basaltic magma rose along these fractures to create effusive eruptions. The rift zone has existed for at least 14.9 million years and has created the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. This geologic province forms part of the Ring of Fire, an area where large numbers of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur along the Pacific Ocean.</p><br>
<h3>Volcanic history</h3><br>
<p>Maitland&#39;s volcanic history is poorly known since only isolated remnants of the volcano remain. What is known, however, is that it formed during a pulse of NCVP magmatism that began with the eruption of Edziza about seven million years ago. The eruption rate of this period was much greater than what is observed for the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province today. Following the onset of activity at Edziza, Maitland volcanism commenced 5.2 million years ago with the outpouring of alkali basalt and hawaiite lava on a broad, late Tertiary, low-relief surface. This resulted in the creation of a broad shield volcano. Subsequent volcanic activity created a complex edifice of trachyte and trachybasalt that formerly overlain the central part of the basaltic shield. Magmatism at Maitland continued until about 4.6 million years ago when the volcano went extinct.</p><br>
<p>Volcanic activity at Maitland Volcano was consistent with extensional stresses across the northern Canadian Cordillera that began around 10 million years ago as a result of new plate motions between the Pacific and North American plates. This contributed to lithospheric thinning and decompression melting of OIB-like mantle to produce alkaline Neogene magmatism. The time span of 600,000 years for magmatism at Maitland Volcano is relatively small compared to other large NCVP shield volcanoes. This supports field evidence for rapid, relatively uninterrupted growth of the volcanic edifice. The suspension of Maitland volcanism corresponds with changes in regional tectonics about four million years ago.</p><br>
<h3>Erosion and dissection</h3><br>
<p>After Maitland Volcano became extinct, prolonged erosion destroyed the volcanic edifice. The reason why Maitland eroded away while its neighbour, Edziza, did not is twofold. With the cessation of volcanic activity, Maitland Volcano was unable to protect itself from erosion by providing a cover of younger lavas on top of the older shield. Another factor is that Maitland&#39;s basement was built entirely of soft, friable sedimentary rocks of the Bowser Lake Group. Such rocks are more vulnerable to erosion than igneous rocks. The Bowser Lake Group sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, conglomerate and siltstone, which were deposited in marine and non-marine environments during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Intervening valleys, deeply incised into the Jurassic shale and sandstone, are as much as below the base of the now deeply eroded Maitland shield volcano. Most of the rugged topography of the Klappan Range formed after Maitland Volcano was built.</p><br>
<p>Erosional remnants of lava flows from Maitland Volcano are present as scattered, cliff-bounded cappings on higher mountains of the Klappan Range. These flat-lying lava caps are up to thick and contain as much as 20 separate lava flow units, each commonly thick. Aphyric to slightly feldspar-phyric basalt is the primary volcanic rock, although greenish-grey trachybasalt and pale green trachyte form the uppermost flows of thick sections. The highest remnant of Maitland Volcano has an elevation of.</p><br>
<p>A cluster of 14 volcanic plugs are exposed that were originally under the central part of Maitland Volcano. These form steep-sided, isolated monoliths that reach heights of above the surrounding eroded terrain. They are circular to elliptical in shape, ranging in diameter from. The plugs represent the principal feeders through which the Maitland lavas reached the surface. Red oxidized pyroclastic blocks surround some plugs protruding through the remaining lava flows. These probably formed not far below the surface where eruption was accompanied by vent-clearing explosions.</p><br>
<h2>Human history</h2><br>
<h3>Geological studies</h3><br>
<p>The remains of Maitland Volcano were first mapped and described by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1956 as part of Operation Stikine. They recognized the volcanic rocks capping the Klappan Range as remnants of once-extensive lava flows but noted the remnants may differ in elevation by or more. As a result, they speculated that the remnants were not the remains of a continuous blanket of basaltic lava but fragments of individual flows poured out on a surface of considerable relief. These lava flow remnants were subsequently mapped in greater detail by Jack Souther in 1972 and later by Hu Gabrielse and Howard Tipper in 1984.</p><br>
<h3>Naming</h3><br>
<p>Maitland Volcano is the namesake for Maitland Creek, a tributary of the Klappan River that flows from the eroded basement of Maitland Volcano. Maitland Creek was in turn named on May 6, 1975 for William John Maitland of Vancouver who served as flight lieutenant in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II. Maitland was killed in action on December 16, 1943 while serving with 208 squadron on operations over Europe; he was 22 years old.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, Canadian volcanologist Jack Souther gave the informal name Maitland volcanics for the remaining lava flows and volcanic plugs of Maitland Volcano. Evenchick et al. (2005) proposed Maitland Volcanics as a formal name for these volcanic rocks.</p><br>
<p>Comfort Station No. 68  is a historic visitor services building in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It was built in 1938 to provide a public toilet and shower facilities for park visitors. It was constructed in the National Park Service Rustic style of architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Plaza Comfort Station (building 68) is located in Rim Village in Crater Lake National Park. It was built to provide public showers and restrooms for park visitors. It is located on the east side of the Rim Village plaza area.</p><br>
<p>The building is a one-story, wood-frame structure with native stones applied to the exterior. The structure rests on a stone foundation. It has a wooden-shake roof with extended eaves and exposed rafter at each end. Entrances are centered on the gable ends with windows on the north and south side. The original design included a central stone chimney, however, that feature was removed. Despite the alteration, the Plaza Comfort Station retains its original rustic character. Today, it is one of the main buildings in the Rim Village plaza area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On May 22, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the nations sixth national park. The United States Department of the Interior was charged with developing visitor services in the park. The National Park Service approved a master plan for development of Rim Village in 1927. Implementation of the plan was overseen by the National Park Service’s Landscape Engineering Division, headed by Thomas C. Vint. Over the next fourteen years, Crater Lakes infrastructure was developed in accordance with the parks master plan. As a result, park buildings from this era reflect a common character consistent with National Park Services rustic design style. The Plaza Comfort Station was an element of the master plan.</p><br>
<p>Between 1933 and 1941, the Civilian Conservation Corps maintained two work camps in Crater Lake National Park. Civilian Conservation Corps personnel worked on facility construction projects throughout the park. The Plaza Comfort Station was one of the Rim Village buildings they constructed with the help of park staff. The building was completed in 1938.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Plaza Comfort Station is one of the six main buildings in Rim Village. Five of these are original structures; however, all six reflect the rustic style of architecture which is the common design theme that makes the Rim Village historically unique. Because these structures still reflect the rustic design character of the original National Park Service master plan, Rim Village was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Rim Village is located high in the Cascade Mountains, 7,100 ft above sea level. In the Rim Village area, winter lasts eight months. While access to the Rim Village is normally year-round, the Plaza Comfort Station is only open during the summer months due to the heavy winter snowfall that averages 533 inches (1,354 cm) per year.</p><br>
<p>The W. Aldrich House is an historic house at 180 Henry Street in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. Probably built in 1786, it is a good local example of late Georgian architecture, prominent also as the home of a sawmill owner. On October 7, 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The W. Aldrich House is located in a rural area of eastern Uxbridge, on the north side of Henry Street near its junction with Hollis Street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It is set on a rubblestone foundation capped in concrete. The main facade is five bays wide and slightly asymmetrical, with the entrance skewed slightly right of center. The entrance is flanked by narrow pilasters and topped by a transom window and simple corniced entablature. Windows are replacement rectangular sash; those on the second floor are placed in openings that butt against the eave, a typical Georgian placement.</p><br>
<p>The construction date of this house is unknown with certainty; by stylistic analysis it appears to have been built in the mid- to late-18th century, and its chimney is marked with the date that is either 1786 or 1756. Its owner in 1855 was listed as W. Aldrich, who owned a nearby sawmill and gristmill for many years. Later owners included members of the Henry family, who farmed much of the surrounding land.</p><br>
